CircuitPython Library Installation
First make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython for your board.
Add CircuitPython Code and Project Assets
In the embedded code element below, click on the Download Project Bundle button below, and save the .zip archive file to your computer.
Then, uncompress the .zip file, it will unpack to a folder named pyportal_pet_planter.
Copy the contents of pyportal_pet_planter directory to your PyPortal CIRCUITPY drive.
Be sure to copy the fonts, images, and sounds directories from the Project Bundle zip file to the PyPortal CIRCUITPY drive in addition to the libraries in lib and code.py.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Brent Rubell for Adafruit Industries
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from os import getenv
import time
import board
import busio
from digitalio import DigitalInOut
import adafruit_connection_manager
from adafruit_esp32spi import adafruit_esp32spi, adafruit_esp32spi_wifimanager
import adafruit_imageload
import displayio
import neopixel
from adafruit_bitmap_font import bitmap_font
from adafruit_display_text.label import Label
from adafruit_io.adafruit_io import IO_MQTT
import adafruit_minimqtt.adafruit_minimqtt as MQTT
from adafruit_pyportal import PyPortal
from adafruit_seesaw.seesaw import Seesaw
from simpleio import map_range
# Get WiFi details and Adafruit IO keys, ensure these are setup in settings.toml
# (visit io.adafruit.com if you need to create an account, or if you need your Adafruit IO key.)
ssid = getenv("CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID")
password = getenv("CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD")
aio_username = getenv("ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME")
aio_key = getenv("ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY")
if None in [ssid, password, aio_username, aio_key]:
raise RuntimeError(
"WiFi and Adafruit IO settings are kept in settings.toml, "
"please add them there. The settings file must contain "
"'CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID', 'CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD', "
"'ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME' and 'ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY' at a minimum."
)
#---| User Config |---------------
# How often to poll the soil sensor, in seconds
# Polling every 30 seconds or more may cause connection timeouts
DELAY_SENSOR = 15
# How often to send data to adafruit.io, in minutes
DELAY_PUBLISH = 5
# Maximum soil moisture measurement
SOIL_LEVEL_MAX = 500.0
# Minimum soil moisture measurement
SOIL_LEVEL_MIN= 350.0
#---| End User Config |---------------
# Background image
BACKGROUND = "/images/roots.bmp"
# Icons for water level and temperature
ICON_LEVEL = "/images/icon-wetness.bmp"
ICON_TEMP = "/images/icon-temp.bmp"
WATER_COLOR = 0x16549E
# Audio files
wav_water_high = "/sounds/water-high.wav"
wav_water_low = "/sounds/water-low.wav"
# the current working directory (where this file is)
cwd = ("/"+__file__).rsplit('/', 1)[0]
# Set up i2c bus
i2c_bus = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
# Initialize soil sensor (s.s)
ss = Seesaw(i2c_bus, addr=0x36)
# PyPortal ESP32 AirLift Pins
esp32_cs = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_CS)
esp32_ready = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_BUSY)
esp32_reset = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_RESET)
spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, board.MOSI, board.MISO)
esp = adafruit_esp32spi.ESP_SPIcontrol(spi, esp32_cs, esp32_ready, esp32_reset)
status_pixel = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 1, brightness=0.2)
wifi = adafruit_esp32spi_wifimanager.WiFiManager(esp, ssid, password, status_pixel=status_pixel)
# Initialize PyPortal Display
display = board.DISPLAY
WIDTH = board.DISPLAY.width
HEIGHT = board.DISPLAY.height
# Initialize new PyPortal object
pyportal = PyPortal(esp=esp,
external_spi=spi)
# Set backlight level
pyportal.set_backlight(0.5)
# Create a new DisplayIO group
splash = displayio.Group()
# show splash group
display.root_group = splash
# Palette for water bitmap
palette = displayio.Palette(2)
palette[0] = 0x000000
palette[1] = WATER_COLOR
palette.make_transparent(0)
# Create water bitmap
water_bmp = displayio.Bitmap(display.width, display.height, len(palette))
water = displayio.TileGrid(water_bmp, pixel_shader=palette)
splash.append(water)
print("drawing background..")
# Load background image
try:
bg_bitmap, bg_palette = adafruit_imageload.load(BACKGROUND,
bitmap=displayio.Bitmap,
palette=displayio.Palette)
# Or just use solid color
except (OSError, TypeError):
BACKGROUND = BACKGROUND if isinstance(BACKGROUND, int) else 0x000000
bg_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(display.width, display.height, 1)
bg_palette = displayio.Palette(1)
bg_palette[0] = BACKGROUND
bg_palette.make_transparent(0)
background = displayio.TileGrid(bg_bitmap, pixel_shader=bg_palette)
# Add background to display
splash.append(background)
print('loading fonts...')
# Fonts within /fonts/ folder
font = cwd+"/fonts/GothamBlack-50.bdf"
font_small = cwd+"/fonts/GothamBlack-25.bdf"
# pylint: disable=syntax-error
data_glyphs = b'0123456789FC-* '
font = bitmap_font.load_font(font)
font.load_glyphs(data_glyphs)
font_small = bitmap_font.load_font(font_small)
full_glyphs = b'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-,.: '
font_small.load_glyphs(full_glyphs)
# Label to display Adafruit IO status
label_status = Label(font_small)
label_status.x = 305
label_status.y = 10
splash.append(label_status)
# Create a label to display the temperature
label_temp = Label(font)
label_temp.x = 35
label_temp.y = 300
splash.append(label_temp)
# Create a label to display the water level
label_level = Label(font)
label_level.x = display.width - 130
label_level.y = 300
splash.append(label_level)
print('loading icons...')
# Load temperature icon
icon_tmp_bitmap, icon_palette = adafruit_imageload.load(ICON_TEMP,
bitmap=displayio.Bitmap,
palette=displayio.Palette)
icon_palette.make_transparent(0)
icon_tmp_bitmap = displayio.TileGrid(icon_tmp_bitmap,
pixel_shader=icon_palette,
x=0, y=280)
splash.append(icon_tmp_bitmap)
# Load level icon
icon_lvl_bitmap, icon_palette = adafruit_imageload.load(ICON_LEVEL,
bitmap=displayio.Bitmap,
palette=displayio.Palette)
icon_palette.make_transparent(0)
icon_lvl_bitmap = displayio.TileGrid(icon_lvl_bitmap,
pixel_shader=icon_palette,
x=315, y=280)
splash.append(icon_lvl_bitmap)
# Connect to WiFi
label_status.text = "Connecting..."
while not esp.is_connected:
try:
wifi.connect()
except (RuntimeError, ConnectionError) as e:
print("could not connect to AP, retrying: ",e)
wifi.reset()
continue
print("Connected to WiFi!")
pool = adafruit_connection_manager.get_radio_socketpool(esp)
ssl_context = adafruit_connection_manager.get_radio_ssl_context(esp)
# Initialize a new MQTT Client object
mqtt_client = MQTT.MQTT(broker="io.adafruit.com",
username=aio_username,
password=aio_key,
socket_pool=pool,
ssl_context=ssl_context)
# Adafruit IO Callback Methods
# pylint: disable=unused-argument
def connected(client):
# Connected function will be called when the client is connected to Adafruit IO.
print('Connected to Adafruit IO!')
def subscribe(client, userdata, topic, granted_qos):
# This method is called when the client subscribes to a new feed.
print('Subscribed to {0} with QOS level {1}'.format(topic, granted_qos))
# pylint: disable=unused-argument
def disconnected(client):
# Disconnected function will be called if the client disconnects
# from the Adafruit IO MQTT broker.
print("Disconnected from Adafruit IO!")
# Initialize an Adafruit IO MQTT Client
io = IO_MQTT(mqtt_client)
# Connect the callback methods defined above to the Adafruit IO MQTT Client
io.on_connect = connected
io.on_subscribe = subscribe
io.on_disconnect = disconnected
# Connect to Adafruit IO
print("Connecting to Adafruit IO...")
io.connect()
label_status.text = " "
print("Connected!")
fill_val = 0.0
def fill_water(fill_percent):
"""Fills the background water.
:param float fill_percent: Percentage of the display to fill.
"""
assert fill_percent <= 1.0, "Water fill value may not be > 100%"
# pylint: disable=global-statement
global fill_val
if fill_val > fill_percent:
for _y in range(int((board.DISPLAY.height-1) - ((board.DISPLAY.height-1)*fill_val)),
int((board.DISPLAY.height-1) - ((board.DISPLAY.height-1)*fill_percent))):
for _x in range(1, board.DISPLAY.width-1):
water_bmp[_x, _y] = 0
else:
for _y in range(board.DISPLAY.height-1,
(board.DISPLAY.height-1) - ((board.DISPLAY.height-1)*fill_percent), -1):
for _x in range(1, board.DISPLAY.width-1):
water_bmp[_x, _y] = 1
fill_val = fill_percent
def display_temperature(temp_val, is_celsius=False):
"""Displays the temperature from the STEMMA soil sensor
on the PyPortal Titano.
:param float temp: Temperature value.
:param bool is_celsius:
"""
if not is_celsius:
temp_val = (temp_val * 9 / 5) + 32 - 15
print('Temperature: %0.0fF'%temp_val)
label_temp.text = '%0.0fF'%temp_val
return int(temp_val)
else:
print('Temperature: %0.0fC'%temp_val)
label_temp.text = '%0.0fC'%temp_val
return int(temp_val)
# initial reference time
initial = time.monotonic()
while True:
# Explicitly pump the message loop
# to keep the connection active
try:
io.loop()
except (ValueError, RuntimeError, ConnectionError, OSError) as e:
print("Failed to get data, retrying...\n", e)
wifi.reset()
continue
now = time.monotonic()
print("reading soil sensor...")
# Read capactive
moisture = ss.moisture_read()
label_level.text = str(moisture)
# Convert into percentage for filling the screen
moisture_percentage = map_range(float(moisture), SOIL_LEVEL_MIN, SOIL_LEVEL_MAX, 0.0, 1.0)
# Read temperature
temp = ss.get_temp()
temp = display_temperature(temp)
# fill display
print("filling disp..")
fill_water(moisture_percentage)
print("disp filled..")
print("temp: " + str(temp) + " moisture: " + str(moisture))
# Play water level alarms
if moisture <= SOIL_LEVEL_MIN:
print("Playing low water level warning...")
pyportal.play_file(wav_water_low)
elif moisture >= SOIL_LEVEL_MAX:
print("Playing high water level warning...")
pyportal.play_file(wav_water_high)
if now - initial > (DELAY_PUBLISH * 60):
try:
print("Publishing data to Adafruit IO...")
label_status.text = "Sending to IO..."
io.publish("moisture", moisture)
io.publish("temperature", temp)
print("Published")
label_status.text = "Data Sent!"
# reset timer
initial = now
except (ValueError, RuntimeError, ConnectionError, OSError) as e:
label_status.text = "ERROR!"
print("Failed to get data, retrying...\n", e)
wifi.reset()
time.sleep(DELAY_SENSOR)
This is what the final contents of the CIRCUITPY drive will look like:
Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder has the following files and folders copied over:
- adafruit_bitmap_font
- adafruit_io
- adafruit_bus_device
- adafruit_logging.mpy
- adafruit_seesaw
- adafruit_display_text
- adafruit_minimqtt.mpy
- adafruit_touchscreen.mpy
- adafruit_esp32spi
- adafruit_pyportal.mpy
- neopixel.mpy
- adafruit_imageload
- adafruit_requests.mpy
- simpleio.mpy
Install the Mu Editor
This guide requires you to edit and interact with CircuitPython code. While you can use any text editor of your choosing, Mu is a simple code editor that works with the Adafruit CircuitPython boards. It's written in Python and works on Windows, MacOS, Linux and Raspberry Pi. The serial console is built right in, so you get immediate feedback from your board's serial output!
Before proceeding, click the button below to install the Mu Editor. There are versions for PC, mac, and Linux.
settings.toml File Setup
Open the settings.toml file on your CIRCUITPY drive using Mu or your own text editor. If you don't have one, use a text editor and copy the text below and edit from there. Add the credentials shown below, substituting your own credentials.
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME="my_username" ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY="my_key"
Page last edited April 14, 2025
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