# PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Overview https://youtu.be/VA2ZSpLNxak ## PyPortal IoT Planter Build a smart planter with Adafruit PyPortal and CircuitPython. Monitor your plants vitals with Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor and plot moisture and temperature data. Use Adafruit IO to create a visual dashboard with gauges of your plants water levels. ## Audio & Animations with CircuitPython The display shows an animation of the water levels and moisture and temperature values. The planter will play custom audio alerts when the water is too high or low.  ![3d_printing_hero-screen.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/984/medium640/3d_printing_hero-screen.jpg?1580664898) ## 3D Printed Case The enclosure design mimics our [PyPortal retro cases](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-retro-compys). Thick bezels and round edges makes the build look simple and cute. With the soil sensor hidden inside the planter, it's gives the plant a clean look and lets it show off its flora.  ![3d_printing_hero-flytrap-adabot.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/987/medium640/3d_printing_hero-flytrap-adabot.jpg?1580682046) ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/088/030/medium800/3d_printing_untitled.jpg?1580833045) ## Parts Parts used to build this project. The soil sensor and speaker connect directly into the PyPortal so there's no soldering needed! - [PyPortal Titano](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4444) - [STEMMA Soil Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4026) - [STEMMA Cable – F/F](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568) - [Mini Oval Speaker](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3923) - [Black Nylon Hardware Kit](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3299) ![3d_printing_untitled.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/088/031/medium640/3d_printing_untitled.jpg?1580833198) ### Adafruit PyPortal Titano [Adafruit PyPortal Titano](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4444) The **PyPortal Titano** is the big sister to our [popular PyPortal](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4116) now with _twice as many pixels!_ The PyPortal is our easy-to-use IoT device that allows you to create all the things for the “Internet of... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4444) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4444/guides) ![Hand holding PyPortal Titano development board with SAMD51, ESP32 Wifi, and 3.5" touchscreen TFT display.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4444-10.jpg) ### Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor [Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4026) Most low cost soil sensors are _resistive_ style, where there's two prongs and the sensor measures the conductivity between the two. These work OK at first, but eventually start to oxidize because of the exposed metal. Even if they're gold plated! The resistivity measurement... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4026) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4026/guides) ![Demo Shot of the Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor in a small potted plant, with wires connecting it to an Adafruit Metro.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4026-01.jpg) ### Mini Oval Speaker - 8 Ohm 1 Watt [Mini Oval Speaker - 8 Ohm 1 Watt](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3923) Hear the good news! This wee speaker is a great addition to any audio project where you need 8 ohm impedance and 1W or less of power. We particularly like this speaker as it is small and comes with nice skinny wires with a connector on the end. It has a handy... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3923) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3923/guides) ![Small, black, oval speaker with Pico Blade connector.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/3923-06.jpg) ### STEMMA Cable - 4 Pin JST-PH 2mm Cable–Female/Female [STEMMA Cable - 4 Pin JST-PH 2mm Cable–Female/Female](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568) This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-PH female 4-pin connectors on each end. These types of JST cables are commonly found on small rechargeable battery packs, RC receivers and transmitters, tiny cameras, and other small electronic devices We're... Out of Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3568/guides) ![Angled shot of 150mm/6" long 4-Pin JST-PH Cable](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/3568-05.jpg) ### Black Nylon Machine Screw and Stand-off Set – M2.5 Thread [Black Nylon Machine Screw and Stand-off Set – M2.5 Thread](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3299) Totaling 380 pieces, this **M2.5 Screw Set**  is a must-have for your workstation. You'll have enough screws, nuts, and hex standoffs to fuel your maker tendencies for days on end! M2.5 size screws fit almost all of the Adafruit breakout/dev board mounting holes... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3299) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3299/guides) ![Black Nylon Screw and Stand-off Set with M2.5 Threads, kit box](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/3299-00.jpg) ### USB Type A to Type C Cable - approx 1 meter / 3 ft long [USB Type A to Type C Cable - approx 1 meter / 3 ft long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4474) As technology changes and adapts, so does Adafruit. This   **USB Type A to Type C** cable will help you with the transition to USB C, even if you're still totin' around a USB Type A hub, computer or laptop. USB C is the latest industry-standard connector for... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4474) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4474/guides) ![Angled shot of a coiled black, USB-C to USB-A cable.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4474-02.jpg) ### 5V 1A (1000mA) USB port power supply - UL Listed [5V 1A (1000mA) USB port power supply - UL Listed](https://www.adafruit.com/product/501) Need a USB jack for charging or powering a project, but don't want to lug around a computer? This switching supply gives a clean regulated output at up to 1000mA! 110 or 240 input, so it works in any country. The plugs are "US 2-prong" style so you may need a plug adapter, but... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/501) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/501/guides) ![Wall wart power supply with 2 US prong power](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/501-05.jpg) ### Part: M3 Machine Screws quantity: 8 M3 x 4mm [M3 Machine Screws](https://www.albanycountyfasteners.com/Phillips-Pan-Head-Machine-Screw-M3-x-5-p/1066-1008.htm) ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/986/medium800/3d_printing_flytrap-macro.jpg?1580681976) ## Feed Me! The plant used in this project are Venus Fly Traps. Their natural habitat are subtropical wetlands. # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## 3D Printing ## 3D Printed Parts STL files for 3D printing are oriented to print "as-is" on FDM style machines. Original design source may be downloaded using the links below. - pyplant-frame.stl - pyplant-drip-tray.stl - pyplant-soil-plate.stl - pyplant-cover.stl - pyplant-screen.stl - pyplant-face.stl - pyplant-cup.stl ![3d_printing_3d-parts.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/368/medium640/3d_printing_3d-parts.jpg?1579798599) [Download CAD files from Thingiverse](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4142003) [Download CAD files from Prusa Printers](https://www.prusaprinters.org/prints/20345-iot-smart-pet-planter) ## CAD Assembly The soil sensor is secured to the sensor plate with screws. The soil plate is mounted to the planter cup with machine screws. The PyPortal Titano is secured to the screen cover with screws. The screen cover is attached to the face plate with screws. The planter cup is installed to the enclosure with snap fits. A drip tray snap fits over the bottom of the planter cup. An open cover snap fits over the back of case. ![3d_printing_cad-explode.gif](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/967/medium640thumb/3d_printing_cad-explode.jpg?1580520105) ## Design Source Files The project assembly was designed in Fusion 360. This can be downloaded in different formats like STEP, SAT and more. Electronic components like Adafruit's board, displays, connectors and more can be downloaded from the [Adafruit CAD parts GitHub Repo](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CAD_Parts). ![3d_printing_4444-PyPortal-Titano.gif](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/968/medium640thumb/3d_printing_4444-PyPortal-Titano.jpg?1580520373) [Download 3D Models of PyPortal Titano](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CAD_Parts/tree/master/4444%20PyPortal%20Titano) [Download 3D Models of STEMMA Soil Sensor](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CAD_Parts/tree/master/4026%20STEMMA%20Soil%20Sensor) ## Slicing Parts No supports are required. Slice with setting for PLA material.  The parts were sliced using CURA using the slice settings below. - PLA filament 220c extruder - 0.2 layer height - 10% gyroid infill - 60mm/s print speed - 60c heated bed ![3d_printing_slice-parts.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/969/medium640/3d_printing_slice-parts.jpg?1580520911) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## PyPortal Assembly ## Screen and Face Plate The screen cover is secured to the face plate using M3 machine screws. Place the screen cover over the face plate and line up the mounting tabs.  ![3d_printing_screen-face-parts.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/886/medium640/3d_printing_screen-face-parts.jpg?1580431344) ## Install Screen to Face Plate Insert and fasten M3x4mm long machine screws into the four mounting tabs.   ![3d_printing_scree-face-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/887/medium640/3d_printing_scree-face-install.jpg?1580431362) ## Install PyPortal to Screen Cover The PyPortal Titano is secured to the screen cover with four additional machine screws. Reference the photo for the correct orientation.  ![3d_printing_screen-titano-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/888/medium640/3d_printing_screen-titano-install.jpg?1580431383) ## Secure PyPortal to Screen Cover Place the PyPortal over the screen cover and line up the mounting tabs with the standoffs. Carefully fit the display in between the standoffs that feature the correct shape. Insert and fasten four M3 x 4mm long machine screws to the mounting tabs. ![3d_printing_secure-titano-screen.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/889/medium640/3d_printing_secure-titano-screen.jpg?1580431402) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Sensor Assembly ## Hardware for Soil Sensor The STEMMA soil sensor is secured to the sensor plate using 2 x M2.5 x 10mm long screws and hex nuts.  ![3d_printing_soil-sensor-parts.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/891/medium640/3d_printing_soil-sensor-parts.jpg?1580431441) ## Install Soil Sensor Place the STEMMA soil sensor over the sensor plate. Line up the two mounting holes on the PCB with the holes on the plate. Insert two M2.5 x 10mm long screws through the mounting holes.  ![3d_printing_soil-sensor-install-screws.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/892/medium640/3d_printing_soil-sensor-install-screws.jpg?1580431461) ## Secure Soil Sensor Insert and fasten an M2.5 hexnut onto the threads of the screws. Finger tighten the two hex nuts. ![3d_printing_soil-sensor-hexnuts.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/893/medium640/3d_printing_soil-sensor-hexnuts.jpg?1580431481) ## Install STEMMA Cable Grab the F/F STEMMA cable and plug it into the port on the soil sensor. ![3d_printing_soild-stemma-plug.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/894/medium640/3d_printing_soild-stemma-plug.jpg?1580431497) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Planter Assembly ## Install Planter to Frame The planter cup is inserted into the frame. Insert the cup from the top of the frame so it's about halfway through. ![3d_printing_cup-shell-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/895/medium640/3d_printing_cup-shell-install.jpg?1580431541) ## Install Drip Tray The drip tray will need to be installed next. Grab the drip tray and begin to place it under the planter cup. ![3d_printing_cup-driptray-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/896/medium640/3d_printing_cup-driptray-install.jpg?1580431574) ## Snap Fit Drip Tray Line up the snap fits on the drip tray with the nubs on the bottom of the planter cup. Firmly press the two parts to snap fit them together. ![3d_printing_driptray-snaps.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/897/medium640/3d_printing_driptray-snaps.jpg?1580431589) ## Snap Fit Planter With the drip tray now installed, begin to push the planter cup all the way into the frame. Nubs on the outside of the cup are used for snap fitting into the frame. Firmly press the planter cup into the frame. ![3d_printing_cup-shell-snap.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/898/medium640/3d_printing_cup-shell-snap.jpg?1580431614) ## Installed Planter The planter cup is held in place with the snap fits. Rotate the planter cup so the flat surface is parallel with the front facing open end. ![3d_printing_cup-shell-installed.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/899/medium640/3d_printing_cup-shell-installed.jpg?1580431634) ## Install Soil Sensor Insert the STEMMA cable through the hole in the planter cup. The cable is inserted through inside the planter. ![3d_printing_sensor-cup-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/900/medium640/3d_printing_sensor-cup-install.jpg?1580431666) ## Install Sensor Plate Fit the sensor plate into the opening on the side of the planter cup. Position the plate so the mounting tabs are lined up with the mounting holes on the planter cup. ![3d_printing_sensor-cup-snap.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/901/medium640/3d_printing_sensor-cup-snap.jpg?1580431698) ## Secure Sensor Plate Insert two M2.5 x 6mm long screws through the mounting holes on the planter cup. Install two M2.5 hex nuts onto the threads of the screws. Use a screw driver to fasten the screws onto the hex nuts. ![3d_printing_sensor-cup-secure.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/902/medium640/3d_printing_sensor-cup-secure.jpg?1580431814) ## Installed Soil Sensor Planter The soil sensor is mounted to the planter cup with the capacitive tip being inside and the electrical components on the outside. This keeps any dirt and water away from the components on-board the soil sensor. ![3d_printing_senosur-cup-hexnuts.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/903/medium640/3d_printing_senosur-cup-hexnuts.jpg?1580431842) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Case Assembly ## Connect Soil Sensor to PyPortal Grab the STEMMA cable from the soil sensor and plug it into the STEMMA I2C port on the back of the PyPortal Titano. ![3d_printing_sensor-pyportal-plug.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/905/medium640/3d_printing_sensor-pyportal-plug.jpg?1580431910) ## Connect Speaker Grab the cable from the speaker and connect it to the speaker port on the back of the PyPortal Titano. ![3d_printing_speaker-plug.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/906/medium640/3d_printing_speaker-plug.jpg?1580431935) ## Install Face Plate to Frame Insert the PyPortal into the frame. Orient the PyPortal so the USB-C port is lined up with the cut out on the side of the frame. Adjust the wiring from the speaker and soil sensor so they're inside the frame and not being kinked. Press the face plate into the frame firmly to snap fit into place. ![3d_printing_face-install.gif](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/983/medium640thumb/3d_printing_face-install.jpg?1580664742) ## Install Speaker to Frame Fit the speaker into the holder on the side of the case. Press the speaker into the holder from inside the frame. ![3d_printing_speaker-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/909/medium640/3d_printing_speaker-install.jpg?1580432053) ## Install Back Cover Grab the back cover and orient the snaps with the nubs on the side of the frame. Press the cover into the frame firmly to snap fit into place. ![3d_printing_shell-cover-install.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/908/medium640/3d_printing_shell-cover-install.jpg?1580432034) ## Final Build And there you have it! The build is ready for potting with soil and watering. The planter has a diameter of 79mm (3in) and a depth of 93mm (3.6in). The drip tray has a depth of 16mm (0.6in). ![3d_printing_final-build.gif](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/982/medium640thumb/3d_printing_final-build.jpg?1580664190) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## PyPortal Wiring We recommend using a Female-to-Female Stemma Connector and plugging it in between the PyPortal and the STEMMA Soil Sensor. No soldering is involved - just connect the cable between the Stemma Soil Sensor and the PyPortal's I2C port. ### STEMMA Cable - 4 Pin JST-PH 2mm Cable–Female/Female [STEMMA Cable - 4 Pin JST-PH 2mm Cable–Female/Female](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568) This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-PH female 4-pin connectors on each end. These types of JST cables are commonly found on small rechargeable battery packs, RC receivers and transmitters, tiny cameras, and other small electronic devices We're... Out of Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3568/guides) ![Angled shot of 150mm/6" long 4-Pin JST-PH Cable](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/3568-05.jpg) ### Mini Oval Speaker - 8 Ohm 1 Watt [Mini Oval Speaker - 8 Ohm 1 Watt](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3923) Hear the good news! This wee speaker is a great addition to any audio project where you need 8 ohm impedance and 1W or less of power. We particularly like this speaker as it is small and comes with nice skinny wires with a connector on the end. It has a handy... In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3923) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3923/guides) ![Small, black, oval speaker with Pico Blade connector.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/3923-06.jpg) The cable makes the following connections between the PyPortal's I2C port and the STEMMA Soil Sensor: - **PyPortal 5V ** to  **Sensor VIN** - **PyPortal GND**  to  **Sensor GND** - **PyPortal SCL ** to  **Sensor SCL** - **PyPortal SDA**  to  **Sensor SDA** The speaker connects to the speaker port on the back of the PyPortal. ![3d_printing_circuit-diagram.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/951/medium640/3d_printing_circuit-diagram.jpg?1580505617) _That's it_ - your PyPortal is wired up! If you built a 3D Printed Planter, the sensor can be embedded into the planter cup. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/088/029/medium800/3d_printing_soil-sensor-mounted.jpg?1580831148) If you do not want to 3D print an enclosure, you may use any planter and insert the STEMMA soil sensor into the pot. You may also want to position the sensor at the edge of your plant's pot. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/405/medium800/3d_printing_wireless_IMG_4960.jpg?1579813310) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Adafruit IO Setup ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/980/medium800/3d_printing_hero-io-dash.jpg?1580663319) [Adafruit IO](https://io.adafruit.com/) is a platform designed by Adafruit to _display_, _respond_, and _interact_ with your project's data. Adafruit keeps your data **private**  (data feeds are private by default) and _secure_ ([we will never sell or give this data away to another company](https://www.adafruit.com/iotbor/)) for you. It's the internet of things - for everyone! **If you do not already have an Adafruit IO account set up** , head over to [io.adafruit.com](http://io.adafruit.com/) to link your Adafruit.com account to Adafruit IO. ## Create Feeds Feeds are the core of the Adafruit IO system. The feed holds metadata about the data you push to Adafruit IO. We'll be creating two feeds -  **temperature**  and  **moisture. ** - [**Navigate**  to the Adafruit IO feeds page.](https://io.adafruit.com/feeds)  - **Click Actions**. From the dropdown,  **click Create a New Feed**. ![3d_printing_IO_-_Feeds.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/371/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_Feeds.png?1579799215) **Change the feed name** to Temperature. We may also optionally add a description here. **Click Create** to create a new feed. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/369/medium800/3d_printing_IO_-_Feeds.png?1579799139) Then, **create another feed** called _moisture_. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/372/medium800/3d_printing_IO_-_Feeds.png?1579799311) ## Build a Dashboard Next, we'll create a dashboard to display the values from the feeds we created. - For a primer about Adafruit IO Dashboards, head over to the [Adafruit IO Basics: Dashboards](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-io-basics-dashboards) guide. - **Navigate** to [the Adafruit IO Dashboards page](https://io.adafruit.com/dashboards). - From the Actions dropdown, **click Create a New Dashboard**.  - **Name** the dashboard  **PyPortal Pet Planter** ![3d_printing_IO_-_Dashboards.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/374/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_Dashboards.png?1579801701) ![3d_printing_IO_-_Dashboards_2.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/375/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_Dashboards_2.png?1579801720) ## Add a Line Chart The STEMMA Soil Sensor provides a soil moisture reading from very dry to very wet along with an ambient temperature reading from the internal temperature sensor on the microcontroller.  From the dashboard, **click the + button to create a new block.** ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/376/medium800/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579802094) From the modal, **Click the Line Chart** block. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/113/401/medium800/3d_printing_io-create-a-new-block-line-chart.png?1658429582) The line chart can graph one or more feeds.  The line chart can graph one or more feeds. We'll be graphing the moisture and temperature feed values to see how they change over time. **Search** for the _temperature_ feed. **Click the checkbox**. Then, **search** for the _moisture _feed. **Click the checkbox**.  **Click** Next Step ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/378/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579802492) **Name the Block Title**  as _Temperature and Moisture_ **Set Show History**  to 4 hours ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/379/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579812411) ## Add Gauges A gauge is a read only block type that shows a fixed range of values. We'll add two gauge blocks to the dashboard to display values from the planter in _real-time._ ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/380/medium800/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579803023) From the feed list, **select the moisture feed**. **Set** **Block Title** to **Moisture**. The moisture sensor can read values up to 2000, **set Gauge Max Value** to **2000**. **Tick the Show Icon button** and **set the icon** to **w:raindrop**. **Click Save**. ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/381/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579804540) ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/382/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579804628) ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/383/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579804645) Let's make another gauge block to display the temperature sensor's value. **Click Create a new block**. **Set** the  **Block Title**  to  **Temperature**. **Set** the **Gauge Label** to **F** We can _optionally_ set the Low Warning Value or High Warning Value. The gauge will change color when the value is out of bounds. **Tick the Show Icon button**  and  **set the icon**  to **w:thermometer**. **Click Save**. ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/394/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579811467) ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/395/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579811575) ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/396/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579811864) ## Add Header Image Warning: If your account has an active[ Adafruit IO **Plus** subscription](https://io.adafruit.com/plus), you can optionally add a header image to customize your dashboard.  Download the image by right-clicking the button below and saving it to your computer. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/103/277/medium800/3d_printing_planter-aio-header.png?1625079800) **Click the Edit Dashboard Layout** (Green Gear) **button**. Next to the dashboard's title, **click Edit Settings**. Under Header Image, **select the image** you downloaded in the previous step. **Tick** the checkbox next to ** Show Header Image** **Click Save.** ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/401/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579812599) ![3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/402/medium640/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579812701) Your dashboard should look like the screenshot below. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/406/medium800/3d_printing_IO_-_PyPortal_Pet_Planter.png?1579814315) ## Obtain Adafruit IO Key You are also going to need your Adafruit IO username and secret API key. **[Navigate to your profile](http://io.adafruit.com/profile) and click the View AIO Key button** to retrieve them. Write them down in a safe place, you'll need them for the next step. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/373/medium800thumb/3d_printing_io_key_retr.jpg?1579799727) Now that we've set up our Adafruit IO account, let's move on to setting up the PyPortal Titano. # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## CircuitPython [CircuitPython](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython) is a derivative of [MicroPython](https://micropython.org) designed to simplify experimentation and education on low-cost microcontrollers. It makes it easier than ever to get prototyping by requiring no upfront desktop software downloads. Simply copy and edit files on the **CIRCUITPY**  "flash" drive to iterate. The following instructions will show you how to install CircuitPython. If you've already installed CircuitPython but are looking to update it or reinstall it, the same steps work for that as well! ## Set up CircuitPython Quick Start! Follow this quick step-by-step for super-fast Python power :) [Download the latest version of CircuitPython for this board via CircuitPython.org](https://circuitpython.org/board/pyportal_titano/) **Click the link above to download the latest version of CircuitPython for the PyPortal Titano.** Download and save it to your desktop (or wherever is handy). ![adafruit_products_Titano_download_uf2.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/086/200/medium640/adafruit_products_Titano_download_uf2.png?1576865361) Plug your PyPortal into your computer using a known-good USB cable. **A lot of people end up using charge-only USB cables and it is very frustrating! So make sure you have a USB cable you know is good for data sync.** Double-click the **Reset** button on the top in the middle (magenta arrow) on your board, and you will see the NeoPixel RGB LED (green arrow) turn green. If it turns red, check the USB cable, try another USB port, etc.  **Note:** The little red LED next to the USB connector will pulse red. That's ok! If double-clicking doesn't work the first time, try again. Sometimes it can take a few tries to get the rhythm right! ![adafruit_products_Titano_NeoPixel_reset_button.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/086/199/medium640/adafruit_products_Titano_NeoPixel_reset_button.png?1576865337) You will see a new disk drive appear called **PORTALBOOT**. Drag the **adafruit-circuitpython-pyportal-etc.uf2** file to **PORTALBOOT.** ![adafruit_products_Titano_PORTALBOOT.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/086/202/medium640/adafruit_products_Titano_PORTALBOOT.png?1576865564) ![adafruit_products_Titano_drag_UF2.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/086/204/medium640/adafruit_products_Titano_drag_UF2.png?1576865593) The LED will flash. Then, the **PORTALBOOT** drive will disappear and a new disk drive called **CIRCUITPY** will appear. If you haven't added any code to your board, the only file that will be present is **boot\_out.txt**. This is absolutely normal! It's time for you to add your **code.py** and get started! That's it, you're done! :) ![adafruit_products_Titano_CIRCUITPY.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/086/206/medium640/adafruit_products_Titano_CIRCUITPY.png?1576865825) ## PyPortal Titano Default Files Click below to download a zip of the files that shipped on the PyPortal Titano. [PyPortal Titano Default Files](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython-default-files/tree/main/boards/pyportal_titano/5.x) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Create Your settings.toml File CircuitPython works with WiFi-capable boards to enable you to make projects that have network connectivity. This means working with various passwords and API keys. As of [CircuitPython 8](https://circuitpython.org/downloads), there is support for a **settings.toml** file. This is a file that is stored on your **CIRCUITPY** drive, that contains all of your secret network information, such as your SSID, SSID password and any API keys for IoT services. It is designed to separate your sensitive information from your **code.py** file so you are able to share your code without sharing your credentials. CircuitPython previously used a **secrets.py** file for this purpose. The **settings.toml** file is quite similar. Warning: Your **settings.toml** file should be stored in the main directory of your **CIRCUITPY** drive. It should not be in a folder. ## CircuitPython **settings.toml** File This section will provide a couple of examples of what your **settings.toml** file should look like, specifically for CircuitPython WiFi projects in general. The most minimal **settings.toml** file must contain your WiFi SSID and password, as that is the minimum required to connect to WiFi. Copy this example, paste it into your **settings.toml** , and update: - `your_wifi_ssid` - `your_wifi_password` ```auto CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ``` Many CircuitPython network-connected projects on the Adafruit Learn System involve using Adafruit IO. For these projects, you must _also_ include your Adafruit IO username and key. Copy the following example, paste it into your settings.toml file, and update: - `your_wifi_ssid` - `your_wifi_password` - `your_aio_username` - `your_aio_key` ```auto CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME = "your_aio_username" ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY = "your_aio_key" ``` Some projects use different variable names for the entries in the **settings.toml** file. For example, a project might use `ADAFRUIT_AIO_ID` in the place of `ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME`. **If you run into connectivity issues, one of the first things to check is that the names in the settings.toml file match the names in the code.** Warning: Not every project uses the same variable name for each entry in the **settings.toml** file! Always verify it matches the code. ## **settings.toml** File Tips Here is an example **settings.toml** file. ```auto # Comments are supported CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "guest wifi" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "guessable" CIRCUITPY_WEB_API_PORT = 80 CIRCUITPY_WEB_API_PASSWORD = "passw0rd" test_variable = "this is a test" thumbs_up = "\U0001f44d" ``` In a **settings.toml** file, it's important to keep these factors in mind: - Strings are wrapped in double quotes; ex: `"your-string-here"` - Integers are _ **not** _ quoted and may be written in decimal with optional sign (`+1`, `-1`, `1000`) or hexadecimal (`0xabcd`). - Floats (decimal numbers), octal (`0o567`) and binary (`0b11011`) are not supported. - Use `\u` escapes for weird characters, `\x` and `\ooo` escapes are not available in **.toml** files - Example: `\U0001f44d` for 👍 (thumbs up emoji) and `\u20ac` for € (EUR sign) - Unicode emoji, and non-ASCII characters, stand for themselves as long as you're careful to save in "UTF-8 without BOM" format     When your  **settings.toml ** file is ready, you can save it in your text editor with the **.toml**  extension. ![adafruit_products_dotToml.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/117/071/medium640/adafruit_products_dotToml.jpg?1671034293) ## Accessing Your **settings.toml** Information in **code.py** In your **code.py** file, you'll need to `import` the `os` library to access the **settings.toml** file. Your settings are accessed with the `os.getenv()` function. You'll pass your settings entry to the function to import it into the **code.py** file. ```python import os print(os.getenv("test_variable")) ``` ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/117/072/medium800/adafruit_products_tomlOutput.jpg?1671034496) In the upcoming CircuitPython WiFi examples, you'll see how the **settings.toml ** file is used for connecting to your SSID and accessing your API keys. # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Internet Connect! # Connect to WiFi OK, now that you have your  **settings.toml** file set up - you can connect to the Internet. To do this, you need to first install a few libraries, into the lib folder on your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Then you need to update **code.py** with the example script. Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, open the directory **examples/** and then click on the directory that matches the version of CircuitPython you're using and copy the contents of that directory to your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Your **CIRCUITPY** drive should now look similar to the following image: ![CIRCUITPY](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/esp32spi_esp32spi_simpletest.py.png ) Info: Update to CircuitPython 9.2.x or later to use this example. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_ESP32SPI/blob/main/examples/esp32spi_simpletest.py And save it to your board, with the name **code.py**. Don't forget you'll also need to create the **settings.toml** file as seen above, with your WiFi ssid and password. In a serial console, you should see something like the following. For more information about connecting with a serial console, view the guide [Connecting to the Serial Console](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/kattni-connecting-to-the-serial-console). ```terminal >>> import wifitest ESP32 SPI webclient test ESP32 found and in idle mode Firmware vers. 1.7.5 MAC addr: 24:C9:DC:BD:0F:3F HomeNetwork RSSI: -46 HomeNetwork RSSI: -76 Fios-12345 RSSI: -92 FiOS-AB123 RSSI: -92 NETGEAR53 RSSI: -93 Connecting to AP... Connected to HomeNetwork RSSI: -45 My IP address is 192.168.1.245 IP lookup adafruit.com: 104.20.39.240 Ping google.com: 30 ms Fetching text from http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/index.html ---------------------------------------- This is a test of Adafruit WiFi! If you can read this, its working :) ---------------------------------------- Fetching json from http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/sample.json ---------------------------------------- {'fun': True, 'company': 'Adafruit', 'founded': 2005, 'primes': [2, 3, 5], 'pi': 3.14, 'mixed': [False, None, 3, True, 2.7, 'cheese']} ---------------------------------------- Done! ``` Going over the example above, here's a breakdown of what the program is doing: - Initialize the ESP32 over SPI using the SPI port and 3 control pins: ```python esp32_cs = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_CS) esp32_ready = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_BUSY) esp32_reset = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_RESET) #... else: spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, board.MOSI, board.MISO) esp = adafruit_esp32spi.ESP_SPIcontrol(spi, esp32_cs, esp32_ready, esp32_reset) ``` - Get the socket pool and the SSL context, and then tell the `adafruit_requests` library about them. ```python pool = adafruit_connection_manager.get_radio_socketpool(esp) ssl_context = adafruit_connection_manager.get_radio_ssl_context(esp) requests = adafruit_requests.Session(pool, ssl_context) ``` - Verify an ESP32 is found, checks the firmware and MAC address ```auto if esp.status == adafruit_esp32spi.WL_IDLE_STATUS: print("ESP32 found and in idle mode") print("Firmware vers.", esp.firmware_version) print("MAC addr:", ":".join("%02X" % byte for byte in esp.MAC_address)) ``` - Perform a scan of all access points it can see and print out the name and signal strength. ```python for ap in esp.scan_networks(): print("\t%-23s RSSI: %d" % (ap.ssid, ap.rssi)) ``` - Connect to the AP we've defined here, then print out the local IP address. Then attempt to do a domain name lookup and ping google.com to check network connectivity. (Note sometimes the ping fails or takes a while; this isn't a big deal.) ```python print("Connecting to AP...") while not esp.is_connected: try: esp.connect_AP(ssid, password) except OSError as e: print("could not connect to AP, retrying: ", e) continue print("Connected to", esp.ap_info.ssid, "\tRSSI:", esp.ap_info.rssi) print("My IP address is", esp.ipv4_address) print( "IP lookup adafruit.com: %s" % esp.pretty_ip(esp.get_host_by_name("adafruit.com")) ) ``` Now we're getting to the really interesting part of the example program. We've written a library for web fetching web data, named [adafruit\_requests](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Requests). It is a lot like the regular Python library named [requests](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). This library allows you to send HTTP and HTTPS requests easily and provides helpful methods for parsing the response from the server. - Here is the part of the example program is fetching text data from a URL. ```python TEXT_URL = "http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/index.html" # Further up in the program # ... print("Fetching text from", TEXT_URL) r = requests.get(TEXT_URL) print('-' * 40) print(r.text) print('-' * 40) r.close() ``` - Finally, here the program is fetching some JSON data. The `adafruit_requests` library will parse the JSON into a Python dictionary whose structure is the same as the structure of the JSON. ```auto JSON_URL = "http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/sample.json" # Further up in the program # ... print("Fetching json from", JSON_URL) r = requests.get(JSON_URL) print('-' * 40) print(r.json()) print('-' * 40) r.close() ``` # Advanced Requests Usage Want to send custom HTTP headers, parse the response as raw bytes, or handle a response's http status code in your CircuitPython code? We've written an example to show advanced usage of the requests module below. To use with CircuitPython, you need to first install a few libraries, into the lib folder on your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Then you need to update **code.py** with the example script. Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, open the directory **examples/** and then click on the directory that matches the version of CircuitPython you're using and copy the contents of that directory to your **CIRCUITPY** drive. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Requests/blob/main/examples/esp32spi/requests_esp32spi_advanced.py Your **CIRCUITPY** drive should now look similar to the following image: ![CIRCUITPY](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/requests_esp32spi_requests_esp32spi_advanced.py.png ) # WiFi Manager The way the examples above connect to WiFi works but it's a little finicky. Since WiFi is not necessarily so reliable, you may have disconnects and need to reconnect. For more advanced uses, we recommend using the `WiFiManager` class. It will wrap the connection/status/requests loop for you - reconnecting if WiFi drops, resetting the ESP32 if it gets into a bad state, etc. Here's a more advanced example that shows using the `WiFiManager` and also how to fetch the current time from a web source. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_ESP32SPI/blob/main/examples/esp32spi_localtime.py # Further Information For more information on the basics of doing networking in CircuitPython, see this guide: ### Networking in CircuitPython [Networking in CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/networking-in-circuitpython) # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Code Setup ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/981/medium800/3d_printing_hero-laptop-code.jpg?1580663361) ## CircuitPython Library Installation First make sure you are running the [latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython](https://circuitpython.org/board/pyportal/) for your board. ## Add CircuitPython Code and Project Assets In the embedded code element below, click on the  **Download Project Bundle** button below, and save the .zip archive file to your computer. Then,  **uncompress the .zip file** , it will unpack to a folder named **pyportal\_pet\_planter**. Copy the contents of **pyportal\_pet\_planter** directory to your PyPortal  **CIRCUITPY**  drive. Be sure to copy the **fonts** , **images** , and **sounds** directories from the Project Bundle zip file to the PyPortal **CIRCUITPY** drive in addition to the libraries in **lib** and **code.py**. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/PyPortal/pyportal_pet_planter/code.py This is what the final contents of the  **CIRCUITPY**  drive will look like: ![CIRCUITPY](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/PyPortal_pyportal_pet_planter.png ) Before continuing make sure your board's  **lib**  folder has the following files and folders ** ** copied over: - **adafruit\_bitmap\_font** - **adafruit\_io** - **adafruit\_bus\_device** - **adafruit\_logging.mpy** - **adafruit\_seesaw** - **adafruit\_display\_text** - **adafruit\_minimqtt.mpy** - **adafruit\_touchscreen.mpy** - **adafruit\_esp32spi** - **adafruit\_pyportal.mpy** - **neopixel.mpy** - **adafruit\_imageload** - **adafruit\_requests.mpy** - **simpleio.mpy** # Install the Mu Editor  This guide requires you to edit and interact with CircuitPython code. While you can use any text editor of your choosing, **Mu** is a simple code editor that works with the Adafruit CircuitPython boards. It's written in Python and works on Windows, MacOS, Linux and Raspberry Pi. The serial console is built right in, so you get immediate feedback from your board's serial output! Before proceeding, **click the button below to install the Mu Editor**. There are versions for PC, mac, and Linux. [Install Mu Editor](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/installing-mu-editor) ## settings.toml File Setup Open the  **settings.toml** file on your  **CIRCUITPY**  drive using Mu or your own text editor. If you don't have one, use a text editor and copy the text below and edit from there. Add the credentials shown below, substituting your own credentials. ```auto CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME="my_username" ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY="my_key" ``` # PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO ## Code Usage ## Viewing Sensor Data on PyPortal You should see the PyPortal display update displaying the temperature value and moisture level. The code reads the sensor every `DELAY_SENSOR` seconds. Adjust this value in the code to increase or decrease this delay. The status indicator at the bottom of the PyPortal will display when it's sending data to Adafruit IO. The PyPortal only sends data to Adafruit IO every `DELAY_PUBLISH` minutes. Adjust this value in the code to increase or decrease the delay. ![3d_printing_hero-watering.gif](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/088/028/medium640thumb/3d_printing_hero-watering.jpg?1580830925) ## Viewing Sensor Data on Adafruit IO Navigate to the dashboard we created earlier. You'll notice the values on the gauges changing in real-time. The line graph block will also update depending on the interval you set.  ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/510/medium800thumb/3d_printing_ezgif.com-gif-maker.jpg?1579902967) Hovering your mouse over the line graph will display both the moisture and temperature values. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/512/medium800thumb/3d_printing_line_chart_export.jpg?1579903115) ## Adjusting Soil Moisture Levels In soil, the moisture level will generally range from about 300 to 500. This value does depend on how packed/loose the soil is. 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