# PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Overview ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/073/266/medium800/adafruit_io_4146_Brent_Demo_ORIG_2019_03_ORIG_2019_03.jpg?1552688664) Want to write a message to your PyPortal's display? Perhaps you'd like to easily add and change text on your PyPortal's display to use it as a smart sticky-note, or have people email it directly!  Using [Zapier](https://zapier.com/developer/public-invite/6748/16d4128bd956bb87a1c9c723818c2243/), you will set up a Zap to receive email via a custom Zapier email address at _zapiermail.com_ and forward it to an Adafruit IO Feed. With some CircuitPython Code, your PyPortal will be obtaining the current value of an Adafruit IO Feed and updating the display with the email sender address and the subject line. ## **Adafruit IO and Zapier** **[Adafruit IO is the easiest way to stream, log, and interact with your data](http://io.adafruit.com).** It's built from the ground up to be easy to use - we do the hard stuff so you can focus on the fun stuff. Want to automate your work by connecting Adafruit IO to the online apps you already use? [Zapier](https://zapier.com/developer/public-invite/6748/16d4128bd956bb87a1c9c723818c2243/) is an [**Adafruit IO Connected Service**](https://io.adafruit.com/services) which can receive email alerts, interact with smart devices, or publish your Adafruit IO feeds directly to Google Docs. ![adafruit_io_ZAPIER.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/759/medium640/adafruit_io_ZAPIER.png?1552581030) ## CircuitPython Code CircuitPython is perfect for building Internet-of-Things projects. This project uses the PyPortal CircuitPython module, which can send web requests and display the response on the PyPortal! You can rapidly update your code without having to compile and store WiFi and API secret keys on the device. This means that there's no editing code and re-uploading whenever you move the PyPortal to another network - just update a file and you're set.  _Want to do more with IoT and your PyPortal?_ With the [Adafruit IO CircuitPython module](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_AdafruitIO), you can easily send data to Adafruit IO, receive data from Adafruit IO, and easily manipulate data with [the powerful Adafruit IO API](https://io.adafruit.com/api/docs/). ![adafruit_io_code_screen.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/756/medium640/adafruit_io_code_screen.png?1552579793) ## Prerequisite Guides If you're new to Adafruit IO or CircuitPython, take a moment to walk through the following guides to get you started and up-to-speed: - [Welcome to Adafruit IO](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-adafruit-io/) - [Welcome to CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython) ## Parts  You only need a PyPortal for this guide - no other sensors or breakouts are required! ### Adafruit PyPortal - CircuitPython Powered Internet Display [Adafruit PyPortal - CircuitPython Powered Internet Display](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4116) **PyPortal** , our easy-to-use IoT device that allows you to create all the things for the “Internet of Things” in minutes. Make custom touch screen interface GUIs, all open-source, and Python-powered using tinyJSON / APIs to get news, stock, weather, cat photos,... Out of Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4116) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4116/guides) ![Front view of a Adafruit PyPortal - CircuitPython Powered Internet Display with a pyportal logo image on the display. ](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4116-00.jpeg) ### USB cable - USB A to Micro-B [USB cable - USB A to Micro-B](https://www.adafruit.com/product/592) This here is your standard A to micro-B USB cable, for USB 1.1 or 2.0. Perfect for connecting a PC to your Metro, Feather, Raspberry Pi or other dev-board or microcontroller Approximately 3 feet / 1 meter long In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/592) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/592/guides) ![USB cable - USB A to Micro-B - 3 foot long](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/592-01.jpg) # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Install CircuitPython [CircuitPython](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython) is a derivative of [MicroPython](https://micropython.org) designed to simplify experimentation and education on low-cost microcontrollers. It makes it easier than ever to get prototyping by requiring no upfront desktop software downloads. Simply copy and edit files on the **CIRCUITPY**  "flash" drive to iterate. The following instructions will show you how to install CircuitPython. If you've already installed CircuitPython but are looking to update it or reinstall it, the same steps work for that as well! ## Set up CircuitPython Quick Start! Follow this quick step-by-step for super-fast Python power :) [Download the latest version of CircuitPython for the PyPortal via CircuitPython.org](https://circuitpython.org/board/pyportal/) [Download the latest version of CircuitPython for the PyPortal Pynt via CircuitPython.org](https://circuitpython.org/board/pyportal_pynt/) **Click the link above to download the latest version of CircuitPython for the PyPortal.** Download and save it to your desktop (or wherever is handy). ![circuitpython_pyportal-uf2.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/073/615/medium640/circuitpython_pyportal-uf2.png?1553610968) Plug your PyPortal into your computer using a known-good USB cable. **A lot of people end up using charge-only USB cables and it is very frustrating! So make sure you have a USB cable you know is good for data sync.** Double-click the **Reset** button on the top in the middle (magenta arrow) on your board, and you will see the NeoPixel RGB LED (green arrow) turn green. If it turns red, check the USB cable, try another USB port, etc.  **Note:** The little red LED next to the USB connector will pulse red. That's ok! If double-clicking doesn't work the first time, try again. Sometimes it can take a few tries to get the rhythm right! ![circuitpython_PyPortalResetNeoPIxel.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/071/993/medium640/circuitpython_PyPortalResetNeoPIxel.jpg?1551213425) You will see a new disk drive appear called **PORTALBOOT**. Drag the **adafruit-circuitpython-pyportal-\.uf2** file to **PORTALBOOT.** ![circuitpython_PyPortal_PORTALBOOT.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/029/medium640/circuitpython_PyPortal_PORTALBOOT.png?1551287972) ![circuitpython_PyPortal_Drag_UF2.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/030/medium640/circuitpython_PyPortal_Drag_UF2.png?1551287983) The LED will flash. Then, the **PORTALBOOT** drive will disappear and a new disk drive called **CIRCUITPY** will appear. If you haven't added any code to your board, the only file that will be present is **boot\_out.txt**. This is absolutely normal! It's time for you to add your **code.py** and get started! That's it, you're done! :) ![circuitpython_PyPortalCIRCUITPY.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/071/995/medium640/circuitpython_PyPortalCIRCUITPY.png?1551213875) ## PyPortal Default Files Click below to download a zip of the files that shipped on the PyPortal or PyPortal Pynt. [PyPortal Default Files](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython-default-files/tree/main/boards/pyportal/4.x) [PyPortal Pynt Default Files](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython-default-files/tree/main/boards/pyportal_pynt/5.x) # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Adafruit IO Setup If you do not already have an Adafruit IO account set up, head over to [io.adafruit.com](http://io.adafruit.com/) to link your Adafruit.com account to Adafruit IO. The first step is to create a new Adafruit IO feed to hold the data from the Zap you'll create. Navigate to the [feeds page](https://io.adafruit.com/feeds) on Adafruit IO. Then click  **Actions -\> Create New Feed** , and name this feed  **zapemail**.  - If you do not already know how to create a feed, head over to [Adafruit IO Basics: Feeds](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-io-basics-feeds). ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/767/medium800/adafruit_io_ZAPEMAIL_FEED.png?1552581820) ## Obtain Secret Adafruit IO Keys You are also going to need your Adafruit IO username and secret API key. **Navigate to your profile and click the View AIO Key button**  to retrieve them. Write them down in a safe place, you'll need them for later steps. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/762/medium800thumb/weather_3d_printing_adafruit_io_username_and_password.jpg?1552581365) # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Zapier Setup Using [Zapier](https://zapier.com/) with Adafruit IO allows you to automate web tasks on the Internet. For this guide, you'll be creating a Zap using Zapier's Inbound Email integration to send data from a custom email address to an Adafruit IO feed. ## Linking Zapier with Adafruit IO You'll want to first link Zapier with your Adafruit IO Account. Zapier for Adafruit IO is currently not listed on the Zapier Integrations page (we need 10 active users to make it public),** [you can sign up for it using this invite link](https://zapier.com/platform/public-invite/6748/16d4128bd956bb87a1c9c723818c2243/).** Once you have a Zapier Account, you're going create a  **Zap**. A Zap is a combination of a _trigger_ (an incoming email) and an _action_ (sending new data to an Adafruit IO feed).  To do this, [**navigate to the Zapier Dashboard**](https://zapier.com/app/dashboard) and  **click Make a Zap!** ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/779/medium800/adafruit_io_Dashboard___Zapier.png?1552582713) ## Add a Zapier Trigger You'll be prompted to choose a trigger app. From the dropdown, **select _Email by Zapier_**.  ![adafruit_io_TRIGGER_APP.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/783/medium640/adafruit_io_TRIGGER_APP.png?1552582842) Next, you'll want to select a trigger. **_Click_ New Inbound Email. ** This trigger will fire when an email is forwarded to your custom zapiermail.com email address ![adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/784/medium640/adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png?1552582972) Customize the name of the email address associated with this zap. Be sure to _use lowercase letters and numbers only_. Then, **click _Copy to Clipboard_**. Save the email address somewhere safe (like a text file on your desktop), you'll need it later. ![adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/789/medium640/adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png?1552583111) Zapier needs an email sent to the address you created to act as a sample. Send an email to the zapier email address you created with some text in the subject line - a simple _Hello Zapier_ works. ![adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/791/medium640/adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png?1552583338) ![adafruit_io_Inbox__27__-_brent_adafruit_com_-_Adafruit_Industries_Mail.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/792/medium640/adafruit_io_Inbox__27__-_brent_adafruit_com_-_Adafruit_Industries_Mail.png?1552583491) Zapier will check for a new email in the inbox. Once an email shows up, you can check out the raw data Zapier received as part of the sample. You're going to be sending some of this data, such as the email address (`from`) and the `subject`, to an Adafruit IO feed. ![adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/073/235/medium640/adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png?1552683177) ## Add a Zapier Action Now that you have a trigger, it's time to add an Action. Once Zapier receives a new inbound email, it needs something to do with it. This is an _action_, in Zapier terms. **Click _Add a Step_** ![adafruit_io_ADD_STEP.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/797/medium640/adafruit_io_ADD_STEP.png?1552585832) Zapier integrates with _hundreds_ of apps, but you'll want to add Adafruit IO as an Action App Using the search bar - **search for _Adafruit IO_.** ![adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/798/medium640/adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png?1552585990) Select  **Create Feed Data** as an Adafruit IO Action. ![adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/799/medium640/adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier.png?1552586129) Next,  **select your Adafruit IO Account**  (or connect your account if you have not done so already). ![adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier_4.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/800/medium640/adafruit_io_Edit_a_Step___Zapier_4.png?1552586196) **Select _zapemail_** as the **feed key**. The Value field is be the data sent from Zapier to the Adafruit IO feed you created earlier. First, **Select** **_From_ ** as the first value. To add separation between the email address and the text, **press the space bar once in the value field**. Next, **Select _Subject_** as the second value. ![adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/801/medium640/adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png?1552589980) ![adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/802/medium640/adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png?1552590230) The Value field should look like the following ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/803/medium800/adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png?1552590280) Zapier will allow you to test out the Zap by sending a test Zap to Adafruit IO. To do this,  **click _Send Test to Adafruit IO_**. If Zapier and Adafruit IO are integrated correctly, Zapier will display that the test was successful.  ![adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/804/medium640/adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png?1552590462) ![adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/805/medium640/adafruit_io_PyPortal-Emailer___Zapier.png?1552590612) _But_ - how do you know if Adafruit IO received the message from Zapier?  Navigate to your Adafruit IO zapemail feed. You should see the sender and subject from the email you sent earlier appear on the feed. ![adafruit_io_IO_-_Feed__zapemail.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/806/medium640/adafruit_io_IO_-_Feed__zapemail.png?1552590717) Lastly, you'll want to **turn on the Zap** so it runs continuously.  ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/072/808/medium800thumb/adafruit_io_ezgif.com-resize_%281%29.jpg?1552591013) # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## PyPortal CircuitPython Setup To use all the amazing features of your PyPortal with CircuitPython, you must first install a number of libraries. This page covers that process. # Adafruit CircuitPython Bundle Download the Adafruit CircuitPython Library Bundle. You can find the latest release here: [Latest Adafruit CircuitPython Library Bundle](https://circuitpython.org/libraries) Download the **adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-\*.x-mpy-\*.zip** bundle zip file where **\*.x MATCHES THE VERSION OF CIRCUITPYTHON YOU INSTALLED** , and unzip a folder of the same name. Inside you'll find a **lib** folder. You have two options: - You can add the **lib** folder to your **CIRCUITPY** drive. This will ensure you have _all the drivers_. But it will take a bunch of space on the 8 MB disk - Add each library as you need it, this will reduce the space usage but you'll need to put in a little more effort. At a minimum we recommend the following libraries, in fact we more than recommend. They're basically required. So grab them and install them into **CIRCUITPY/lib** now! - **adafruit\_esp32spi** - This is the library that gives you internet access via the ESP32 using (you guessed it!) SPI transport. You need this for anything Internet - **adafruit\_requests** - This library allows us to perform HTTP requests and get responses back from servers. GET/POST/PUT/PATCH - they're all in here! - adafruit\_connection\_manager - used by adafruit\_requests. - **adafruit\_pyportal** - This is our friendly wrapper library that does a lot of our projects, displays graphics and text, fetches data from the internet. Nearly all of our projects depend on it! - **adafruit\_portalbase**  - This library is the base library that adafruit\_pyportal library is built on top of. - **adafruit\_touchscreen** - a library for reading touches from the resistive touchscreen. Handles all the analog noodling, rotation and calibration for you. - **adafruit\_io** - this library helps connect the PyPortal to our free datalogging and viewing service - **adafruit\_imageload** - an image display helper, required for any graphics! - **adafruit\_display\_text** - not surprisingly, it displays text on the screen - **adafruit\_bitmap\_font** - we have fancy font support, and its easy to make new fonts. This library reads and parses font files. - **adafruit\_slideshow** - for making image slideshows - handy for quick display of graphics and sound - **neopixel** - for controlling the onboard neopixel - **adafruit\_adt7410** - library to read the temperature from the on-board Analog Devices ADT7410 precision temperature sensor (not necessary for Titano or Pynt) - **adafruit\_bus\_device** - low level support for I2C/SPI - **adafruit\_fakerequests**  - This library allows you to create fake HTTP requests by using local files. # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Create Your settings.toml File CircuitPython works with WiFi-capable boards to enable you to make projects that have network connectivity. This means working with various passwords and API keys. As of [CircuitPython 8](https://circuitpython.org/downloads), there is support for a **settings.toml** file. This is a file that is stored on your **CIRCUITPY** drive, that contains all of your secret network information, such as your SSID, SSID password and any API keys for IoT services. It is designed to separate your sensitive information from your **code.py** file so you are able to share your code without sharing your credentials. CircuitPython previously used a **secrets.py** file for this purpose. The **settings.toml** file is quite similar. Warning: Your **settings.toml** file should be stored in the main directory of your **CIRCUITPY** drive. It should not be in a folder. ## CircuitPython **settings.toml** File This section will provide a couple of examples of what your **settings.toml** file should look like, specifically for CircuitPython WiFi projects in general. The most minimal **settings.toml** file must contain your WiFi SSID and password, as that is the minimum required to connect to WiFi. Copy this example, paste it into your **settings.toml** , and update: - `your_wifi_ssid` - `your_wifi_password` ```auto CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ``` Many CircuitPython network-connected projects on the Adafruit Learn System involve using Adafruit IO. For these projects, you must _also_ include your Adafruit IO username and key. Copy the following example, paste it into your settings.toml file, and update: - `your_wifi_ssid` - `your_wifi_password` - `your_aio_username` - `your_aio_key` ```auto CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME = "your_aio_username" ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY = "your_aio_key" ``` Some projects use different variable names for the entries in the **settings.toml** file. For example, a project might use `ADAFRUIT_AIO_ID` in the place of `ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME`. **If you run into connectivity issues, one of the first things to check is that the names in the settings.toml file match the names in the code.** Warning: Not every project uses the same variable name for each entry in the **settings.toml** file! Always verify it matches the code. ## **settings.toml** File Tips Here is an example **settings.toml** file. ```auto # Comments are supported CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "guest wifi" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "guessable" CIRCUITPY_WEB_API_PORT = 80 CIRCUITPY_WEB_API_PASSWORD = "passw0rd" test_variable = "this is a test" thumbs_up = "\U0001f44d" ``` In a **settings.toml** file, it's important to keep these factors in mind: - Strings are wrapped in double quotes; ex: `"your-string-here"` - Integers are _ **not** _ quoted and may be written in decimal with optional sign (`+1`, `-1`, `1000`) or hexadecimal (`0xabcd`). - Floats (decimal numbers), octal (`0o567`) and binary (`0b11011`) are not supported. - Use `\u` escapes for weird characters, `\x` and `\ooo` escapes are not available in **.toml** files - Example: `\U0001f44d` for 👍 (thumbs up emoji) and `\u20ac` for € (EUR sign) - Unicode emoji, and non-ASCII characters, stand for themselves as long as you're careful to save in "UTF-8 without BOM" format     When your  **settings.toml ** file is ready, you can save it in your text editor with the **.toml**  extension. ![adafruit_products_dotToml.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/117/071/medium640/adafruit_products_dotToml.jpg?1671034293) ## Accessing Your **settings.toml** Information in **code.py** In your **code.py** file, you'll need to `import` the `os` library to access the **settings.toml** file. Your settings are accessed with the `os.getenv()` function. You'll pass your settings entry to the function to import it into the **code.py** file. ```python import os print(os.getenv("test_variable")) ``` ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/117/072/medium800/adafruit_products_tomlOutput.jpg?1671034496) In the upcoming CircuitPython WiFi examples, you'll see how the **settings.toml ** file is used for connecting to your SSID and accessing your API keys. # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Internet Connect! # Connect to WiFi OK, now that you have your  **settings.toml** file set up - you can connect to the Internet. To do this, you need to first install a few libraries, into the lib folder on your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Then you need to update **code.py** with the example script. Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, open the directory **examples/** and then click on the directory that matches the version of CircuitPython you're using and copy the contents of that directory to your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Your **CIRCUITPY** drive should now look similar to the following image: ![CIRCUITPY](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/esp32spi_esp32spi_simpletest.py.png ) Info: Update to CircuitPython 9.2.x or later to use this example. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_ESP32SPI/blob/main/examples/esp32spi_simpletest.py And save it to your board, with the name **code.py**. Don't forget you'll also need to create the **settings.toml** file as seen above, with your WiFi ssid and password. In a serial console, you should see something like the following. For more information about connecting with a serial console, view the guide [Connecting to the Serial Console](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/kattni-connecting-to-the-serial-console). ```terminal >>> import wifitest ESP32 SPI webclient test ESP32 found and in idle mode Firmware vers. 1.7.5 MAC addr: 24:C9:DC:BD:0F:3F HomeNetwork RSSI: -46 HomeNetwork RSSI: -76 Fios-12345 RSSI: -92 FiOS-AB123 RSSI: -92 NETGEAR53 RSSI: -93 Connecting to AP... Connected to HomeNetwork RSSI: -45 My IP address is 192.168.1.245 IP lookup adafruit.com: 104.20.39.240 Ping google.com: 30 ms Fetching text from http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/index.html ---------------------------------------- This is a test of Adafruit WiFi! If you can read this, its working :) ---------------------------------------- Fetching json from http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/sample.json ---------------------------------------- {'fun': True, 'company': 'Adafruit', 'founded': 2005, 'primes': [2, 3, 5], 'pi': 3.14, 'mixed': [False, None, 3, True, 2.7, 'cheese']} ---------------------------------------- Done! ``` Going over the example above, here's a breakdown of what the program is doing: - Initialize the ESP32 over SPI using the SPI port and 3 control pins: ```python esp32_cs = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_CS) esp32_ready = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_BUSY) esp32_reset = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_RESET) #... else: spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, board.MOSI, board.MISO) esp = adafruit_esp32spi.ESP_SPIcontrol(spi, esp32_cs, esp32_ready, esp32_reset) ``` - Get the socket pool and the SSL context, and then tell the `adafruit_requests` library about them. ```python pool = adafruit_connection_manager.get_radio_socketpool(esp) ssl_context = adafruit_connection_manager.get_radio_ssl_context(esp) requests = adafruit_requests.Session(pool, ssl_context) ``` - Verify an ESP32 is found, checks the firmware and MAC address ```auto if esp.status == adafruit_esp32spi.WL_IDLE_STATUS: print("ESP32 found and in idle mode") print("Firmware vers.", esp.firmware_version) print("MAC addr:", ":".join("%02X" % byte for byte in esp.MAC_address)) ``` - Perform a scan of all access points it can see and print out the name and signal strength. ```python for ap in esp.scan_networks(): print("\t%-23s RSSI: %d" % (ap.ssid, ap.rssi)) ``` - Connect to the AP we've defined here, then print out the local IP address. Then attempt to do a domain name lookup and ping google.com to check network connectivity. (Note sometimes the ping fails or takes a while; this isn't a big deal.) ```python print("Connecting to AP...") while not esp.is_connected: try: esp.connect_AP(ssid, password) except OSError as e: print("could not connect to AP, retrying: ", e) continue print("Connected to", esp.ap_info.ssid, "\tRSSI:", esp.ap_info.rssi) print("My IP address is", esp.ipv4_address) print( "IP lookup adafruit.com: %s" % esp.pretty_ip(esp.get_host_by_name("adafruit.com")) ) ``` Now we're getting to the really interesting part of the example program. We've written a library for web fetching web data, named [adafruit\_requests](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Requests). It is a lot like the regular Python library named [requests](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). This library allows you to send HTTP and HTTPS requests easily and provides helpful methods for parsing the response from the server. - Here is the part of the example program is fetching text data from a URL. ```python TEXT_URL = "http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/index.html" # Further up in the program # ... print("Fetching text from", TEXT_URL) r = requests.get(TEXT_URL) print('-' * 40) print(r.text) print('-' * 40) r.close() ``` - Finally, here the program is fetching some JSON data. The `adafruit_requests` library will parse the JSON into a Python dictionary whose structure is the same as the structure of the JSON. ```auto JSON_URL = "http://wifitest.adafruit.com/testwifi/sample.json" # Further up in the program # ... print("Fetching json from", JSON_URL) r = requests.get(JSON_URL) print('-' * 40) print(r.json()) print('-' * 40) r.close() ``` # Advanced Requests Usage Want to send custom HTTP headers, parse the response as raw bytes, or handle a response's http status code in your CircuitPython code? We've written an example to show advanced usage of the requests module below. To use with CircuitPython, you need to first install a few libraries, into the lib folder on your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Then you need to update **code.py** with the example script. Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, open the directory **examples/** and then click on the directory that matches the version of CircuitPython you're using and copy the contents of that directory to your **CIRCUITPY** drive. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Requests/blob/main/examples/esp32spi/requests_esp32spi_advanced.py Your **CIRCUITPY** drive should now look similar to the following image: ![CIRCUITPY](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/requests_esp32spi_requests_esp32spi_advanced.py.png ) # WiFi Manager The way the examples above connect to WiFi works but it's a little finicky. Since WiFi is not necessarily so reliable, you may have disconnects and need to reconnect. For more advanced uses, we recommend using the `WiFiManager` class. It will wrap the connection/status/requests loop for you - reconnecting if WiFi drops, resetting the ESP32 if it gets into a bad state, etc. Here's a more advanced example that shows using the `WiFiManager` and also how to fetch the current time from a web source. https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_ESP32SPI/blob/main/examples/esp32spi_localtime.py # Further Information For more information on the basics of doing networking in CircuitPython, see this guide: ### Networking in CircuitPython [Networking in CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/networking-in-circuitpython) # PyPortal Email Display with Zapier and Adafruit IO ## Code PyPortal with CircuitPython If you have not yet set up a  **settings.toml** file in your **CIRCUITPY** drive and connected to the internet using it, follow the directions in the [Create Your settings.toml File](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-email-display/create-your-settings-toml-file) and [Internet Connect!](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-email-display/internet-connect) pages in this guide. You will need your _Adafruit IO username_, and _Adafruit IO key_. Head to [io.adafruit.com](https://io.adafruit.com/) and simply click the _View AIO Key_ link on the left hand side of the Adafruit IO page to get this information. Then, add them to the  **settings.toml**  file: ```auto CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid" CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME = "your_aio_username" ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY = "your_aio_key" ``` ## Add CircuitPython Code and Project Assets In the embedded code element below, click on the  **Download Project Bundle**  button, and save the .zip archive file to your computer. Then, **uncompress the .zip file** , it will unpack to a folder named  **PyPortal\_Email\_Display**. Copy the contents of the  **PyPortal\_Email\_Display**  directory to your PyPortal's  **CIRCUITPY**  drive. Make sure to **save the font (Helvetica-Oblique-17.bdf) into the _fonts_ folder** on the **CIRCUITPY** drive. This is what the final contents of the  **CIRCUITPY**  drive will look like: ![CIRCUITPY](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/PyPortal_PyPortal_Email_Display.png ) https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/PyPortal/PyPortal_Email_Display/code.py Warning: ## Code Usage After the PyPortal loads up (it will display a startup image and sound), it will display an image called `email_background.bmp` as the screen's background. This is a 320 x 240 pixel RGB 16-bit raster graphic in  **.bmp**  format. ![adafruit_io_pyportal_email.bmp](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/073/150/medium640/adafruit_io_pyportal_email.bmp?1552667693) Then, it requests the value of the Adafruit IO feed (`IO_FEED` in the code) and displays the value with bitmapped fonts on top of the background. - Want to use your own fonts? Learn more about [PyPortal fonts in this guide](https://learn.adafruit.com/custom-fonts-for-pyportal-circuitpython-display). ![adafruit_io_4146_Brent_Demo_ORIG_2019_03_ORIG_2019_03.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/073/262/medium640/adafruit_io_4146_Brent_Demo_ORIG_2019_03_ORIG_2019_03.jpg?1552687138) When the custom inbox is emailed, Zapier will immediately send the data to an Adafruit IO feed. ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/073/264/medium800thumb/adafruit_io_ezgif.com-video-to-gif_%286%29.jpg?1552687763) # Customization Now that you have your PyPortal displaying incoming emails, you add some customization to the PyPortal to give your personal flair! ## Change the background You can customize the background to add (or remove) information, by making a 320x240 16-bit RGB color .bmp file. ## Display more text Want to show more text on the display? While our code limits the maximum length of the feed value being displayed to 160 characters, you can change it in the code by increasing the length of the variable `text_maxlen` to any amount of characters which can fit reasonably on the display.  If you want to display more text, switch to a smaller font size. ## Change the text color You can also change the color of the display by changing the line `text_color=0xFFFFFF` in the code to your color of choice. Visit [https://www.color-hex.com](https://www.color-hex.com/) to pick your color, and then adjust the `text_color` value. For example, if you'd like to change the text from white to black, you'd adjust the text\_color from `text_color=0xFFFFFF` to `text_color=#000000` ## Featured Products ### Adafruit PyPortal - CircuitPython Powered Internet Display [Adafruit PyPortal - CircuitPython Powered Internet Display](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4116) **PyPortal** , our easy-to-use IoT device that allows you to create all the things for the “Internet of Things” in minutes. Make custom touch screen interface GUIs, all open-source, and Python-powered using tinyJSON / APIs to get news, stock, weather, cat photos,... Out of Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4116) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4116/guides) ### USB cable - USB A to Micro-B [USB cable - USB A to Micro-B](https://www.adafruit.com/product/592) This here is your standard A to micro-B USB cable, for USB 1.1 or 2.0. Perfect for connecting a PC to your Metro, Feather, Raspberry Pi or other dev-board or microcontroller Approximately 3 feet / 1 meter long In Stock [Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/592) [Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/592/guides) ## Related Guides - [Adafruit PyPortal - IoT for CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-pyportal.md) - [PyPortal Reddit Stats Trophy](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-reddit-stats-trophy.md) - [PyPortal US Election Calendar](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-electioncal-us.md) - [PyPortal NeoPixel Color Picker](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-neopixel-color-picker.md) - [Creating Slideshows in CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/creating-slideshows-in-circuitpython.md) - [Karel The Robot In CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/karel-the-robot-in-circuitpython.md) - [Playing Animated GIF Files in CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/using-animated-gif-files-in-circuitpython.md) - [PyPortal Event Countdown Clock](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-event-countdown-clock.md) - [Adafruit IO Basics: AirLift](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-io-basics-airlift.md) - [PyPortal Astronauts in Space](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-astronauts-in-space.md) - [PyPortal IoT Weather Station](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-iot-weather-station.md) - [PyPortal New New New Product Viewer](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-new-new-new-product-viewer.md) - [PyPortal Thingiverse Viewer](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-thingiverse-viewer.md) - [PyPaint Drawing Program In CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/pypaint.md) - [PyPortal Discord Online Counter](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-discord-online-count.md) - [Using Dashblock to Create Custom APIs for PyPortal](https://learn.adafruit.com/using-dashblock-to-create-custom-apis-for-pyportal.md)