Install the Mu Editor
This guide requires you to edit and interact with CircuitPython code. While you can use any text editor of your choosing, Mu is a simple code editor that works with the Adafruit CircuitPython boards. It's written in Python and works on Windows, MacOS, Linux and Raspberry Pi. The serial console is built right in, so you get immediate feedback from your board's serial output!
Before proceeding, click the button below to install the Mu Editor. There are versions for PC, mac, and Linux.
In the embedded code element below, click on the Download Project Bundle button, and save the .zip archive file to your computer.
Then, uncompress the .zip file, it will unpack to a folder named PyPortal_TOTP_Friend.
Copy the contents of PyPortal_TOTP_Friend directory to your PyPortal CIRCUITPY drive.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Limor Fried for Adafruit Industries
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
import os
import time
import board
import busio
from digitalio import DigitalInOut
import displayio
import terminalio
from simpleio import map_range
import adafruit_hashlib as hashlib
import adafruit_touchscreen
from adafruit_button import Button
from adafruit_progressbar.progressbar import ProgressBar
from adafruit_display_text.label import Label
from adafruit_esp32spi import adafruit_esp32spi
from adafruit_pyportal import PyPortal
import rtc
# Background Color
BACKGROUND = 0x0
# Button color
BTN_COLOR = 0xFFFFFF
# Button text color
BTN_TEXT_COLOR = 0x0
# Set to true if you never want to go to sleep!
ALWAYS_ON = True
# How long to stay on if not in always_on mode
ON_SECONDS = 60
# Get totp_keys from a totp_keys.py file
try:
from totp_keys import totp_keys
except ImportError:
print("TOTP info not found in totp_keys.py, please add them there!")
# Initialize PyPortal Display
display = board.DISPLAY
WIDTH = board.DISPLAY.width
HEIGHT = board.DISPLAY.height
ts = adafruit_touchscreen.Touchscreen(board.TOUCH_XL, board.TOUCH_XR,
board.TOUCH_YD, board.TOUCH_YU,
calibration=(
(5200, 59000),
(5800, 57000)
),
size=(WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# Create a SHA1 Object
SHA1 = hashlib.sha1
# PyPortal ESP32 AirLift Pins
esp32_cs = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_CS)
esp32_ready = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_BUSY)
esp32_reset = DigitalInOut(board.ESP_RESET)
# Initialize PyPortal ESP32 AirLift
spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, board.MOSI, board.MISO)
esp = adafruit_esp32spi.ESP_SPIcontrol(spi, esp32_cs, esp32_ready, esp32_reset)
def HMAC(k, m):
"""# HMAC implementation, as hashlib/hmac wouldn't fit
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_message_authentication_code
"""
SHA1_BLOCK_SIZE = 64
KEY_BLOCK = k + (b'\0' * (SHA1_BLOCK_SIZE - len(k)))
KEY_INNER = bytes((x ^ 0x36) for x in KEY_BLOCK)
KEY_OUTER = bytes((x ^ 0x5C) for x in KEY_BLOCK)
inner_message = KEY_INNER + m
outer_message = KEY_OUTER + SHA1(inner_message).digest()
return SHA1(outer_message)
def base32_decode(encoded):
missing_padding = len(encoded) % 8
if missing_padding != 0:
encoded += '=' * (8 - missing_padding)
encoded = encoded.upper()
chunks = [encoded[i:i + 8] for i in range(0, len(encoded), 8)]
out = []
for chunk in chunks:
bits = 0
bitbuff = 0
for c in chunk:
if 'A' <= c <= 'Z':
n = ord(c) - ord('A')
elif '2' <= c <= '7':
n = ord(c) - ord('2') + 26
elif c == '=':
continue
else:
raise ValueError("Not base32")
# 5 bits per 8 chars of base32
bits += 5
# shift down and add the current value
bitbuff <<= 5
bitbuff |= n
# great! we have enough to extract a byte
if bits >= 8:
bits -= 8
byte = bitbuff >> bits # grab top 8 bits
bitbuff &= ~(0xFF << bits) # and clear them
out.append(byte) # store what we got
return out
def int_to_bytestring(int_val, padding=8):
result = []
while int_val != 0:
result.insert(0, int_val & 0xFF)
int_val >>= 8
result = [0] * (padding - len(result)) + result
return bytes(result)
def generate_otp(int_input, secret_key, digits=6):
""" HMAC -> OTP generator, pretty much same as
https://github.com/pyotp/pyotp/blob/master/src/pyotp/otp.py
"""
if int_input < 0:
raise ValueError('input must be positive integer')
hmac_hash = bytearray(
HMAC(bytes(base32_decode(secret_key)),
int_to_bytestring(int_input)).digest()
)
offset = hmac_hash[-1] & 0xf
code = ((hmac_hash[offset] & 0x7f) << 24 |
(hmac_hash[offset + 1] & 0xff) << 16 |
(hmac_hash[offset + 2] & 0xff) << 8 |
(hmac_hash[offset + 3] & 0xff))
str_code = str(code % 10 ** digits)
while len(str_code) < digits:
str_code = '0' + str_code
return str_code
def display_otp_key(secret_name, secret_otp):
"""Updates the displayio labels to display formatted OTP key and name.
"""
# display the key's name
label_title.text = secret_name
# format and display the OTP
label_secret.text = "{} {}".format(str(secret_otp)[0:3], str(secret_otp)[3:6])
print("OTP Name: {}\nOTP Key: {}".format(secret_name, secret_otp))
print("===========================================")
# GFX Font
font = terminalio.FONT
# Initialize new PyPortal object
pyportal = PyPortal(esp=esp,
external_spi=spi)
# Root DisplayIO
root_group = displayio.Group()
display.root_group = root_group
BACKGROUND = BACKGROUND if isinstance(BACKGROUND, int) else 0x0
bg_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(display.width, display.height, 1)
bg_palette = displayio.Palette(1)
bg_palette[0] = BACKGROUND
background = displayio.TileGrid(bg_bitmap, pixel_shader=bg_palette)
# Create a new DisplayIO group
splash = displayio.Group()
splash.append(background)
key_group = displayio.Group(scale=5)
# We'll use a default text placeholder for this label
label_secret = Label(font, text="000 000")
label_secret.x = (display.width // 2) // 13
label_secret.y = 17
key_group.append(label_secret)
label_title = Label(font)
label_title.text = " Loading.."
label_title.x = 0
label_title.y = 5
key_group.append(label_title)
# append key_group to splash
splash.append(key_group)
# Show the group
display.root_group = splash
print("Connecting to AP...")
while not esp.is_connected:
try:
esp.connect_AP(os.getenv("CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID"), os.getenv("CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD"))
except RuntimeError as e:
print("Could not connect to AP, retrying: ", e)
continue
print("Connected")
# get_time will raise ValueError if the time isn't available yet so loop until
# it works.
now_utc = None
while now_utc is None:
try:
now_utc = time.localtime(esp.get_time()[0])
except ValueError:
pass
rtc.RTC().datetime = now_utc
# Get the current time in seconds since Jan 1, 1970
t = time.time()
print("Seconds since Jan 1, 1970: {} seconds".format(t))
# Instead of using RTC which means converting back and forth
# we'll just keep track of seconds-elapsed-since-NTP-call
mono_time = int(time.monotonic())
print("Monotonic time", mono_time)
# Add buttons to the interface
assert len(totp_keys) < 6, "This code can only display 5 keys at a time"
# generate buttons
buttons = []
btn_x = 5
for i in totp_keys:
button = Button(name=i[0], x=btn_x,
y=175, width=60,
height=60, label=i[0].strip(" "),
label_font=font, label_color=BTN_TEXT_COLOR,
fill_color=BTN_COLOR, style=Button.ROUNDRECT)
buttons.append(button)
# add padding btween buttons
btn_x += 63
# append buttons to splash group
for b in buttons:
splash.append(b)
# refrsh timer label
label_timer = Label(font)
label_timer.x = (display.width // 2) // 13
label_timer.y = 15
splash.append(label_timer)
# create a new progress bar
progress_bar = ProgressBar(display.width//5, 125,
200, 30, bar_color = 0xAAAAAA)
splash.append(progress_bar)
# how long to stay on if not in always_on mode
countdown = ON_SECONDS
# current button state, defaults to first item in totp_keys
current_button = totp_keys[0][0]
buttons[0].selected = True
while ALWAYS_ON or (countdown > 0):
# Calculate current time based on NTP + monotonic
unix_time = t - mono_time + int(time.monotonic())
# Update the key refresh timer
timer = time.localtime(time.time()).tm_sec
# timer resets on :00/:30
if timer > 30:
countdown = 60 - timer
else:
countdown = 30 - timer
print('NTP Countdown: {}%'.format(countdown))
# change the timer bar's color if text is about to refresh
progress_bar.fill = 0xFFFFFF
if countdown < 5:
progress_bar.fill = 0xFF0000
# update the progress_bar with countdown
countdown = map_range(countdown, 0, 30, 0.0, 1.0)
progress_bar.progress = countdown
# poll the touchscreen
p = ts.touch_point
# if the touchscreen was pressed
if p:
for i, b in enumerate(buttons):
if b.contains(p):
b.selected = True
for name, secret in totp_keys:
# check if button name is the same as a key name
if b.name == name:
current_button = name
# Generate OTP
otp = generate_otp(unix_time // 30, secret)
display_otp_key(name, otp)
else:
b.selected = False
else:
for name, secret in totp_keys:
if current_button == name:
# Generate OTP
otp = generate_otp(unix_time // 30, secret)
display_otp_key(name, otp)
# We'll update every 1/4 second, we can hash very fast so its no biggie!
countdown -= 0.25
time.sleep(0.25)
Once all the files are copied from your computer to the PyPortal, you should have the following files on your CIRCUITPY drive:
CircuitPython Libraries
Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder has the following files and folders copied over:
- adafruit_binascii.mpy
- adafruit_esp32spi
- adafruit_pyportal.mpy
- adafruit_bitmap_font
- adafruit_hashlib
- adafruit_requests.mpy
- adafruit_bus_device
- adafruit_imageload
- adafruit_button.mpy
- adafruit_io
- adafruit_touchscreen.mpy
- adafruit_display_shapes
- adafruit_ntp.mpy
- neopixel.mpy
- adafruit_display_text
- adafruit_progressbar
- simpleio.mpy
Set Up Tokens
You'll also need to get 2 factor "authenticator tokens/secrets". Each site is a little different about how it does this.
For example, when you set up Gmail for 2FA it will show you a QR code like this:
Which is great for phones. For us, we need the base32-encoded token. Click the Can't Scan It? link or otherwise request the text token. You'll get a page like this.
(Don't freak out - this isnt a real key)
That string of letters and numbers may be uppercase or lower case, it may also be 16 digits or 24 or 32 or some other qty. It doesn't matter! Grab that string, and remove the spaces so its one long string like "ra4ndd2utltotseol564z3jijj5jo677" Note that the number 0 and number 1 never appear so anything that looks like an O, l or an I is a letter.
settings.toml File Setup
This file should already be set up with your WiFi SSID and password. In the past, secrets.py used to also include your WiFi credentials, but now they are in settings.toml.
totp_keys.py File Setup
Open the totp_keys.py file on your CircuitPython device using Mu. You will add the totp_keys you generated above to this file.
totp_keys = [
("Discord ", "JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP"),
("Gmail", "JBSWY3DPEHPK3PZP"),
("GitHub", "JBSWY5DZEHPK3PXP"),
("Adafruit", "JBSWY6DZEHPK3PXP"),
("Outlook", "JBSWY7DZEHPK3PXP"),
]
This code displays up to five keys. If you have less than 5 keys to display, you may remove items from totp_keys. The buttons on the PyPortal display are dynamically generated based on how many items are in totp_keys:
totp_keys = [
("Discord ", "JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP"),
("Gmail", "JBSWY3DPEHPK3PZP"),
("GitHub", "JBSWY5DZEHPK3PXP")
]
Once you've added your keys, save the modified totp_keys.py file.
Page last edited April 15, 2025
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