# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Overview
With the Raspberry Pi 4, you can now program in the latest version of [Scratch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_(programming_language)), a popular programming language for beginners. Additionally you can use the new [Scratch Raspberry Pi extensions](https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/scratch-3-desktop-for-raspbian-on-raspberry-pi/) to interact with Scratch in a more physical way.
This guide will go through how to set up the Raspberry Pi 4 to program with Scratch 3. Additionally, we will run through a demo showcasing some of the possibilities that this dynamic combo of a powerful microprocessor and intuitive, easy to learn programming language allows.
## What's Scratch?
Scratch is a block-based language geared for beginners that lets you create your own interactive stories, animations, games, music, and art.
Scratch is easy to use and requires no prior coding experience!
# Parts
Here's what you'll need to get started
1) Raspberry Pi 4 with your choice of RAM (any will do just fine!)
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 4 GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 4 GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4296)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4 better than the 3? How about a _faster_ processor, USB 3.0 ports, and updated Gigabit Ethernet chip with...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4296)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4296/guides)
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 2 GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 2 GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4292)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4292)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4292/guides)
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 1 GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 1 GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4295)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4 better than the 3? How about a _faster_ processor, USB 3.0 ports, and updated Gigabit Ethernet chip with...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4295)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4295/guides)
Info:
2) Pi power supply
[USB C power supply](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
### Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1V 3A with USB C
[Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1V 3A with USB C](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
The official Raspberry Pi USB-C power supply is here! And of course, we have 'em in classic Adafruit black! Superfast with just the right amount of cable length to get your Pi 4 projects up and running!
Best for use with Pi 4 series, [Pi...](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5814)
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4298/guides)
**or you can use** [USB micro B power supply](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1995) with an [an adapter](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4299)
### 5V 2.5A Switching Power Supply with 20AWG MicroUSB Cable
[5V 2.5A Switching Power Supply with 20AWG MicroUSB Cable](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1995)
Our all-in-one 5V 2.5 Amp + MicroUSB cable power adapter is the perfect choice for powering single-board computers like Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, or anything else that's power-hungry!
This adapter was specifically designed to provide 5.25V, not 5V, but we still call it a 5V USB...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1995)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1995/guides)
### Micro B USB to USB C Adapter
[Micro B USB to USB C Adapter](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4299)
As technology changes and adapts, so does Adafruit, and speaking of _adapting_, this _ **adapter** _ has a Micro B USB jack and a USB C plug.
USB C is the latest industry-standard connector for transmitting data _and_ power....
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4299)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4299/guides)
3) Display
You can use any display with an HDMI input.
We also have [some options](https://www.adafruit.com/category/400):
### HDMI 5" Display Backpack - Without Touch
[HDMI 5" Display Backpack - Without Touch](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2232)
It's a mini panel-mountable HDMI monitor! So small and simple, you can use this display with any computer that has HDMI output, and the shape makes it easy to attach to a case or rail. This backpack features the TFP401 for decoding video and includes the attached display, so it's...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2232)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2232/guides)
4) Micro HDMI to HDMI Cable
### Micro HDMI to HDMI Cable - 2 meter
[Micro HDMI to HDMI Cable - 2 meter](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1322)
Connect an HDMI device with a micro HDMI port to one with a regular size HDMI port together with this basic HDMI cable. It has nice molded grips for easy installation, and is 2 meter long (about 6 feet). This is a HDMI 1.3 cable. Works great with a BeagleBone or Raspberry Pi 4
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1322)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1322/guides)
5) Keyboard and mouse
### Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo - One USB Port!
[Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo - One USB Port!](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1738)
Add a good quality, slim chiclet keyboard as well as an optical mouse to your Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone Black or other mini-computer with this wireless combo set. **Best of all, it only uses a single USB port!** This combo comes with a sleek black chiclet keyboard and mouse both...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1738)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1738/guides)
6) 16GB Micro SD card w/ Noobs
Info:
7) 1K ohm resistors
### Through-Hole Resistors - 1.0K ohm 5% 1/4W - Pack of 25
[Through-Hole Resistors - 1.0K ohm 5% 1/4W - Pack of 25](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4294)
ΩMG! You're not going to be able to resist these handy resistor packs! Well, axially, they do all of the resisting for you!
This is a **25 Pack of 1.0KΩ Resistors.** More specifically, they are **carbon film** , through-hole...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4294)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4294/guides)
8) Female to male jumper wires
### Premium Female/Male 'Extension' Jumper Wires - 20 x 6"
[Premium Female/Male 'Extension' Jumper Wires - 20 x 6"](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1954)
These Female/Male Extension jumper wires are handy for making wire harnesses or jumpering between headers on PCB's. These premium jumper wires are 6" (150mm) long and come in a 'strip' of 20 (2 pieces of each of ten rainbow colors). They have 0.1" male header...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1954)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1954/guides)
9) Breadboard
### Half Sized Premium Breadboard - 400 Tie Points
[Half Sized Premium Breadboard - 400 Tie Points](https://www.adafruit.com/product/64)
This is a cute, half-size breadboard with 400 tie points, good for small projects. It's 3.25" x 2.2" / 8.3cm x 5.5cm with a standard double-strip in the middle and two power rails on both sides. You can pull the power rails off easily to make the breadboard as...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/64)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/64/guides)
10) Leds
### Diffused 3mm LED Pack - 5 LEDs each in 5 Colors - 25 Pack
[Diffused 3mm LED Pack - 5 LEDs each in 5 Colors - 25 Pack](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4202)
Need some miniature indicators? We are big fans of these diffused LEDs. They are fairly bright, so they can be seen in daytime, and from any angle. They go easily into a breadboard and will add that extra zing to your project.
Now you can get a pack of 25 with 5 different...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4202)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4202/guides)
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Set up the Pi
We will be using the [official Raspberry Pi guide](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up) to set up the Pi 4. Head [over there](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up) for instructions on how to get your Pi up and running.
[How to set up Raspberry Pi 4](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up)
## [Set up the SD card](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up/3)
The SD card linked in the "parts" section of the "overview" page has NOOBS pre-installed on it so if you have an SD card with NOOBS installed already, skip ahead to the ["Connect your Pi"](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up/4) section. However if you have another SD card and want to install NOOBS follow the steps in the ["Set up the SD card"](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up/3) section.
## [Connect your Pi](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up/4)
- Insert the SD card into the slot on the Pi
- Connect keyboard and mouse via the Pi's USB hubs
- Power up display then connect to Pi via micro-hdmi cable
- Add any other optional connections
## [Start up your Pi](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up/5)
- Power up the Pi via usb c cable
- Download Raspbian via NOOBS
## [Finish the Setup](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up/6)
- Configure country, language and timezone
- Set up password for Pi
- Connect Pi to wifi network
- Install any necessary updates
## Update the OS to Raspbian Buster
Follow the instructions via video or text below to update your Pi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9KlLxtMTOA
First, open a terminal window
Click the black square icon on the top left of the desktop to open a terminal window
In a terminal window type and return:
`sudo apt-get update`
Next type and return:
`sudo apt-get dist-upgrade`
When prompted, y/n type y and return.
This will update your Pi's operating system to Rasbpian Buster which may take some time. (10 - 15min)
When the update is complete, restart the Pi by running the command:
`reboot`
## Trouble Shooting
Problem: My screen is not showing any output from the Raspberry Pi.
Potential Solution 1: Make sure all connections are in place **before** booting up Pi.
Potential Solution 2: Double check that your SD card has NOOBS correctly installed.
Now that we're all set up, it's time to get Scratch up and runnin'!
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Using Scratch
## What can I do with Scratch?
As mentioned earlier, Scratch is a block-based language geared for beginners that lets you create your own interactive stories, animations, games, music, and art.
For more on the ins and outs of Scratch check out the guide:
[Scratch 3 Walkthrough and Demo](https://learn.adafruit.com/guide-to-scratch-3/overview)
## Connecting to the world
While you do not need a Raspberry Pi to run and use Scratch (there is a web-based editor that can be used on any computer with a browser), the Pi unlocks a whole other set of capabilities for us.
Connecting this powerful programming language to a Raspberry Pi lets us more easily take advantage of the "[GPIO](https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/scratch-2-raspberry-pi/)" pins to have our Scratch program interact with the outer world!
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Scratch 3
## How to install Scratch 3 using the Recommended Software app
Open up the **menu** , click on **Preferences \>** **Recommended Software** , and then select **Scratch 3** and click on **OK.**
## How to install Scratch 3 using the terminal
Open a terminal window, and type in and run the following commands:
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install scratch3
```
## Add the Extension
Once Scratch 3 is installed on the Pi, go ahead and open up Scratch 3 by clicking the Raspberry Pi icon on the top left of the desktop, then Programming\>Scratch3
## Add the Raspberry Pi GPIO extension
Click the blue icon at the bottom left of the application to open the extensions.
Select the extension entitled "Raspberry Pi GPIO"
Now we have access to some awesome GPIO functionality which we'll get to next!
Read more about the different Raspberry Pi extensions for Scratch [here](https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/scratch-3-desktop-for-raspbian-on-raspberry-pi/)!
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Scratch 2
## Which version of Scratch to use?
While you can use any version of Scratch, if you have a Raspberry Pi 4, we recommend using Scratch 3. Follow the instructions on the next page to get Scratch 3 on your Pi 4.
If you have an older Pi however such as a Pi 3 or older, you may not be able to run Scratch 3 because of the memory requirements of the program.
You can however run Scratch 2 which still has Raspberry Pi GPIO functionality, so skip to the section "Scratch 2" to find out how.
## How to open Scratch 2 on the Pi
Once you are in the Raspbian desktop, you will open up Scratch 2 which comes preinstalled on the Pi.
To Open Scratch 2:
Click the Raspberry Pi icon on the top left of the desktop, then Programming\>Scratch2
And that's it! Scratch is ready to go!
Info:
## Adding the Pi Plugin
Open the **More Blocks** panel, click **Add an Extension** , and select **Pi GPIO**. You should then see two new blocks appear:
You can use these two purple blocks to control output pins or read input pins by entering the pin number into the field, or using a variable containing the pin number.
Next up, putting the spiffy new blocks to work.
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Wiring
## Blinky LED demo
We will now put together a small demo using the Pi and some components. In this simple demo we will use Scratch to program the Pi to blink an LED.
## Wiring
First, let's wire things up.
You will need handy:
- one led (any color)
- one resistor that is 1K or less ([click here](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-2-leds/resistors) for more on how to determine resistor values)
- 2 female to male jumper wires
Info:
- Connect one female to male jumper wire from GPIO pin 2 on the pi to any spot on a bread board
- Next, connect the resistor (1K or less will do) from the GPIO 2 jumper wire to another spot on the breadboard
- Now take the LED and determine which leg is longer, and connect that leg to the other end of the resistor with the opposite end going to another spot on the bread board.
- Lastly, connect male to female jumper wire from the unconnected end of the led to a ground pin on the Pi.
Next we'll program the Pi in scratch to blink the LED.
## Going Further
What else can you think of to use with Scratch and Raspberry Pi?
Some ideas:
- [Add buttons](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/scratch2/README.md) and other components.
- Create a custom interactive game by connecting buttons, leds and other components. Then program these components to control and react to game elements like [sprites](https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Sprite) and [backdrops](https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Backdrop).
- Add a [CRICKIT HAT](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3957) to make things move!
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Scratch 3 Blinky
Next we'll program the Pi in Scratch to blink the LED.
- Click the yellow "events" block group, then drag and drop the "when (flag) clicked" block over to the "script area" on the right side of the program's interface.
- Next click the orange "control" block group section and drag in a "forever" loop.
- Also from the "control" section, drag in two` wait 1 seconds` blocks.
- Then click on the "Raspberry Pi GPIO" block section and drag in two `set gpio to output` blocks. Set one block to `set gpio 2 to output high`. Set the other to `set gpio 2 to output low`.
- Lastly rearrange the blocks in the order as shown.
Now click the green flag and see what happens!
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Scratch 2 Blinky
Use Scratch 2 to program the Pi to blink the LED.
- Click the orange "events" block group, then drag and drop the "when (flag) clicked" block over to the "script area" on the right side of the program's interface.
- Next click the yellow "control" block group section and drag in a "forever" loop.
- Also from the "control" section, drag in two` wait 1 secs` blocks.
- Then click on the "more blocks" block section and drag in two "set gpio to" blocks. Set one block to `set gpio 2 to output high`. Set the other to set `gpio 2 to output low`.
- Lastly rearrange the blocks in the order as shown above.
Now click the green flag and see what happens!
# Programming with Scratch 2 or 3 on Raspberry Pi
## Going Further
## Going Further
What else can you think of to use with Scratch and Raspberry Pi?
Some ideas:
- [Add buttons](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/scratch2/README.md) and other components.
- Add a [CRICKIT HAT](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3957) to make things move!
- Use the [Sense HAT](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2738) extension to sense tilting, shaking, orientation, use a joy stick, measure temperature, pressure humidity, display text and more.
- Create a custom interactive game by connecting buttons, leds and other components. Then program these components to control and react to game elements like [sprites](https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Sprite) and [backdrops](https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Backdrop).
Click below for some more resources and ideas of what else you can do with Raspberry Pi and Scratch!
[More on Extensions for Raspberry Pi and Scratch 3](https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/scratch-3-desktop-for-raspbian-on-raspberry-pi/)
## Featured Products
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 4 GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 4 GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4296)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4 better than the 3? How about a _faster_ processor, USB 3.0 ports, and updated Gigabit Ethernet chip with...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4296)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4296/guides)
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 2 GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 2 GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4292)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4292)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4292/guides)
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 1 GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - 1 GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4295)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4 better than the 3? How about a _faster_ processor, USB 3.0 ports, and updated Gigabit Ethernet chip with...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4295)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4295/guides)
### HDMI 5" Display Backpack - Without Touch
[HDMI 5" Display Backpack - Without Touch](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2232)
It's a mini panel-mountable HDMI monitor! So small and simple, you can use this display with any computer that has HDMI output, and the shape makes it easy to attach to a case or rail. This backpack features the TFP401 for decoding video and includes the attached display, so it's...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2232)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2232/guides)
### Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo - One USB Port!
[Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo - One USB Port!](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1738)
Add a good quality, slim chiclet keyboard as well as an optical mouse to your Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone Black or other mini-computer with this wireless combo set. **Best of all, it only uses a single USB port!** This combo comes with a sleek black chiclet keyboard and mouse both...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1738)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1738/guides)
### Micro HDMI to HDMI Cable - 2 meter
[Micro HDMI to HDMI Cable - 2 meter](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1322)
Connect an HDMI device with a micro HDMI port to one with a regular size HDMI port together with this basic HDMI cable. It has nice molded grips for easy installation, and is 2 meter long (about 6 feet). This is a HDMI 1.3 cable. Works great with a BeagleBone or Raspberry Pi 4
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1322)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1322/guides)
### Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1V 3A with USB C
[Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1V 3A with USB C](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
The official Raspberry Pi USB-C power supply is here! And of course, we have 'em in classic Adafruit black! Superfast with just the right amount of cable length to get your Pi 4 projects up and running!
Best for use with Pi 4 series, [Pi...](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5814)
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4298/guides)
### 5V 2.5A Switching Power Supply with 20AWG MicroUSB Cable
[5V 2.5A Switching Power Supply with 20AWG MicroUSB Cable](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1995)
Our all-in-one 5V 2.5 Amp + MicroUSB cable power adapter is the perfect choice for powering single-board computers like Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, or anything else that's power-hungry!
This adapter was specifically designed to provide 5.25V, not 5V, but we still call it a 5V USB...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1995)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1995/guides)
## Related Guides
- [Raspberry Pi Care and Troubleshooting](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-care-and-troubleshooting.md)
- [Raspberry Pi Video Looper](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-video-looper.md)
- [Raspberry Pi Selfie Bot](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-selfie-bot.md)
- [RP2040 RunCPM Emulator with USB Keyboard & HDMI screen](https://learn.adafruit.com/rp2040-runcpm-emulator-with-usb-keyboard-hdmi-screen.md)
- [Windows IoT Core Application Development: Headed Blinky](https://learn.adafruit.com/windows-iot-application-development-headed-blinky.md)
- [AstroPrint 3D Printing](https://learn.adafruit.com/astroprint-3d-printing.md)
- [Adafruit 5" and 7" 800x480 TFT HDMI Backpack](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-5-800x480-tft-hdmi-monitor-touchscreen-backpack.md)
- [Processing on the Raspberry Pi & PiTFT](https://learn.adafruit.com/processing-on-the-raspberry-pi-and-pitft.md)
- [Chip's Challenge on Fruit Jam and Metro RP2350](https://learn.adafruit.com/256-color-gaming-on-the-metro-rp2350.md)
- [DIY Camera Monitor](https://learn.adafruit.com/diy-camera-monitor.md)
- [Extending CircuitPython: An Introduction](https://learn.adafruit.com/extending-circuitpython.md)
- [Contribute to the Adafruit Learning System with Git and GitHub](https://learn.adafruit.com/contribute-to-the-adafruit-learning-system-with-git-and-github.md)
- [MCUME Emulators on Fruit Jam](https://learn.adafruit.com/mcume-emulators-on-fruit-jam.md)
- [reef-pi Guide 5: Light Controller](https://learn.adafruit.com/reef-pi-lighting-controller.md)
- [Adafruit Metro RP2350](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-metro-rp2350.md)
- [RasPipe: A Raspberry Pi Pipeline Viewer, Part 1](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspipe-a-raspberry-pi-pipeline-viewer.md)