I had tremendous help figuring out how to hack this together thanks to two awesome guides Adafruit wrote on using the microphone and speaker. Much of the following code is adapted from these guides so thanks Adafruit!
I suggest downloading the given code first to test out the program yourself and to make sure the board is working correctly.
To download the code, scroll down to the bottom of this page and download the file or copy and paste the code into a new file.
Make sure you save the file as "code.py" and drag it to your CIRCUITPY drive.
At the bottom of this page click "Download file" to grab the code
After downloading the file, go to your downloads to find it
Change the file name to "code.py"
Your computer might ask if you want to add the ".py" extension. Go ahead and "add"
Once code.py is downloaded and named right, drag the file to your CIRCUITPY drive
code.py is now on the drive and the program should be running!
One last thing you may have to do to get the project up and running on your Circuit Playground Express is to download or update your "libraries".
You can see the libraries folder inside the CIRCUITPY drive above. Your board may already contain a "lib" folder. That is the same thing.
These libraries hold much of the information that makes CircuitPython much easier to code.
Information on where to find and update libraries can be found here.
The Audio library in CircuitPython has changed from 2.x to 3.x, please upgrade your CPX!
Once you have the pipe working correctly we'll take a look at the code to see how it all works and so that you can hack it to make something even cooler.
Feel free to open code.py in Mu or your code editor of choice to follow along.
**Download the code below**
# The Perfect Pitch Machine
# By Isaac Wellish
# Creative Commons Licence (Anyone can use and hack the code, just give attributions please!)
#
#
# Big thanks to Adafruit!
# Much of this code was adapted from Adafruit's Circuit Playground Sound Meter tutorial found here:
# https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-circuit-playground-express/playground-sound-meter
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#LET'S BEGIN
#import neccesarry libraries
import audiobusio
import board
import array
import math
import time
from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction, Pull
import audioio
import neopixel
import digitalio
# Threshhold for loudness of sound needed to trigger current pitch
blowThresshold = 5000
# debounce time, how long the debounce time should be to prevent multiple button triggers in one press
debounceTime = 0.2
# pitch length, how many seconds we want the note to sound when triggered
pitchLength = 1
# neopixel brightness
pixelBrightness = 0.05
# the number of samples taken per second in Hertz
SAMPLERATE = 8000
# how many samples we're collecting
NUM_SAMPLES = 160
# set up note values in Hz. Find frequency values at https://pages.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html
Ab3 = 208
A3 = 223
As3 = 233
Bb3 = 233
B3 = 247
C4 = 262
Cs4 = 277
Db4 = 277
D4 = 294
Ds4 = 311
Eb4 = 311
E4 = 330
F4 = 349
Fs4 = 370
Gb4 = 370
G4 = 392
Gs4 = 415
#set up the neopixels
pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 10, brightness= pixelBrightness) #determine beightness (Value can be between 0 and 1)
#
#
#
# Program the two buttons on the board to be able to move up and down pitches
#
#
#
buttonD = DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON_A) #button a is the down button
buttonD.direction = Direction.INPUT
buttonD.pull = Pull.DOWN
buttonU = DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON_B) # button b is the up button
buttonU.direction = Direction.INPUT
buttonU.pull = Pull.DOWN
#
#
#
# enable the speaker
#
#
#
spkrenable = DigitalInOut(board.SPEAKER_ENABLE)
spkrenable.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
spkrenable.value = True
#
#
#
#Taking and analyzing input from the microphone (The hard part...)
#This block of code will essentially allow us to find the magnitude or loudness of the mic input (Your breath!)
#
#
#
# Prep a buffer to record into
# For CircuitPython 2.x:
mic = audiobusio.PDMIn(board.MICROPHONE_CLOCK, board.MICROPHONE_DATA, frequency=16000, bit_depth=16)
# For Circuitpython 3.0 and up, "frequency" is now called "sample_rate".
# Comment the lines above and uncomment the lines below.
#mic = audiobusio.PDMIn(board.MICROPHONE_CLOCK, board.MICROPHONE_DATA,
# sample_rate=16000, bit_depth=16)
samples = array.array('H', [0] * NUM_SAMPLES)
# Remove DC bias before computing RMS.
def normalized_rms(values):
minbuf = int(mean(values))
return math.sqrt(sum(float((sample - minbuf) * (sample - minbuf)) for sample in values) / len(values))
def mean(values):
return (sum(values) / len(values))
#Create a counter for tracking button presses
#Declared outside scope of while loop so it doesn't get reset to 0 at the beginnning of every loop!
counter = 0
#While loop that loops on forever
#
#This is where the real program functionality runs!
while True:
#We begin regcording samples from the board's mic
mic.record(samples, len(samples))
magnitude = normalized_rms(samples)
print("mag = ", magnitude) #print the magnitude of the input blowing so we can track values in the serial console
#If statements to know when up or down buttons are pushed
#We will use a counter to track which pitch is selected
if buttonU.value == True: # If Up button is pushed then move up a pitch
pixels.fill((0, 0, 0)) #turn all neopixels off
counter += 1 #increase the counter by 1
time.sleep(debounceTime) #to ensure button isn't triggered multiple times in one press we must "debounce" the button by creating a short delay after pressing it
elif buttonD.value == True: #Do the same for the down button
pixels.fill((0, 0, 0)) # If Down button is pushed then move down a pitch
counter -= 1 #decrease counter by one
time.sleep(debounceTime) #debounce button
#If statements for determine which pitch the board is on
#We will use the current counter value to set which frequency, neopixel, and color should be selected
if counter == 0: # Ab
pixels[9] = (0, 0, 255)
FREQUENCY = Ab3
elif counter == 1: # A
pixels[9] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = A3
elif counter == 2: # A#
pixels[9] = (255, 0, 0)
FREQUENCY = As3
elif counter == 3: # Bb
pixels[0] = (0, 0, 255)
FREQUENCY = Bb3
elif counter == 4: # B
pixels[0] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = B3
elif counter == 5: # C
pixels[1] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = C4
elif counter == 6: # C#
pixels[1] = (255, 0, 0)
FREQUENCY = Cs4
elif counter == 7: # Db
pixels[2] = (0, 0, 255)
FREQUENCY = Db4
elif counter == 8: # D
pixels[2] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = D4
elif counter == 9: # D#
pixels[2] = (255, 0, 0)
FREQUENCY = Ds4
elif counter == 10: # Eb
pixels[3] = (0, 0, 255)
FREQUENCY = Eb4
elif counter == 11: # E
pixels[3] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = E4
elif counter == 12: # F
pixels[4] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = F4
elif counter == 13: # F#
pixels[4] = (255, 0, 0)
FREQUENCY = Fs4
elif counter == 14: # Gb
pixels[5] = (0, 0, 255)
FREQUENCY = Gb4
elif counter == 15: # G
pixels[5] = (0, 255, 0)
FREQUENCY = G4
elif counter == 16: # G#
pixels[5] = (255, 0, 0)
FREQUENCY = Gs4
elif counter > 16: # if counter goes above 16 set back to 0
counter = 0
elif counter < 0: # if counter goes below 0 set back to 16
counter = 16
#If statement to trigger pitch when user blows into mic
#We will say that on a any loud sound the pitch is triggered
if magnitude > blowThresshold: #any time we get a sound with a magnitude greater than the value of blowThresshold, trigger the current pitch (can be changed at top where it is defined)
length = SAMPLERATE // FREQUENCY #create length of sample
sine_wave = array.array("H", [0] * length) #create an array for a sine wave
for i in range(length):
sine_wave[i] = int(math.sin(math.pi * 2 * i / 18) * (2 ** 15) + 2 ** 15) #fill the array with values
# For CircuitPython 2.x:
sample = audioio.AudioOut(board.SPEAKER, sine_wave)
sample.frequency = SAMPLERATE
sample.play(loop=True) # Play the sample
time.sleep(pitchLength) # Play for length of pitchLength
sample.stop() # we tell the board to stop
# For Circuitpython 3.0 and up, comment above code and uncomment below
#audio = audioio.AudioOut(board.SPEAKER)
#sine_wave_sample = audioio.RawSample(sine_wave)
#audio.play(sine_wave_sample, loop=True) # Play the sample
#time.sleep(pitchLength) # Play for length of pitchLength
#audio.stop() # we tell the board to stop
#audio.deinit()
pixels.show() #show the desired neopixel light up on board
#End program!!!
Page last edited March 08, 2024
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