The Arduino code presented below works well on Trinket Mini boards. But if you have a Trinket M0 board you must use the CircuitPython code on the next page of this guide, no Arduino IDE required!
The software for this project is a slightly modified version of the Firewalker Sneakers code…but running continuously rather than in response to a pressure sensor.
One of the major changes is the use of a timer interrupt, so the animation speed is consistent and smooth regardless of the current activity level. Setting up the timers involves accessing hardware registers directly, and as a result this code will work only on the Trinket. Changing this around for other boards requires some pretty deep programming skill.
It also requires the NeoPixel library. If you’ve used the strandtest code to test the LEDs, then this is already installed. If you’re a long-time NeoPixel user, make sure you’ve got the latest version installed — this code makes use of newer features.
One of the major changes is the use of a timer interrupt, so the animation speed is consistent and smooth regardless of the current activity level. Setting up the timers involves accessing hardware registers directly, and as a result this code will work only on the Trinket. Changing this around for other boards requires some pretty deep programming skill.
It also requires the NeoPixel library. If you’ve used the strandtest code to test the LEDs, then this is already installed. If you’re a long-time NeoPixel user, make sure you’ve got the latest version installed — this code makes use of newer features.
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 Mikey Sklar for Adafruit Industries
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// 'Cyber falls' sketch, adapted from code for Firewalker sneakers.
// Creates a fiery rain-like effect on multiple NeoPixel strips.
// Requires Adafruit Trinket and NeoPixel strips. Strip length is
// inherently limited by Trinket RAM and processing power; this is
// written for five 15-pixel strands, which are paired up per pin
// for ten 15-pixel strips total.
#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#include <avr/power.h>
const uint8_t gamma[] PROGMEM = { // Gamma correction table for LED brightness
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10,
10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16,
17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24, 24, 25,
25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 30, 31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 50,
51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68,
69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89,
90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99,101,102,104,105,107,109,110,112,114,
115,117,119,120,122,124,126,127,129,131,133,135,137,138,140,142,
144,146,148,150,152,154,156,158,160,162,164,167,169,171,173,175,
177,180,182,184,186,189,191,193,196,198,200,203,205,208,210,213,
215,218,220,223,225,228,231,233,236,239,241,244,247,249,252,255 };
#define STRIPLEN 15 // Length of LED strips
#define MAXDROPS 5 // Max concurrent 'raindrops'
#define N_STRIPS 5 // Connect strips to pins 0 to (N_STRIPS-1)
Adafruit_NeoPixel strip = Adafruit_NeoPixel(STRIPLEN, 0);
// Everything's declared volatile because state changes inside
// an interrupt routine.
volatile struct {
uint8_t strip;
int16_t pos;
uint8_t speed;
uint16_t brightness;
} drop[MAXDROPS];
volatile uint8_t
nDrops = 0, // Number of 'active' raindrops
prevStrip = 255; // Last selected strip
volatile uint16_t
countdown = 0; // Time to next raindrop
void setup() {
// Set up Timer/Counter1 for ~30 Hz interrupt
#if F_CPU == 16000000L
clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1);
TCCR1 = _BV(PWM1A) |_BV(CS13) | _BV(CS12); // 1:2048 prescale
#else
TCCR1 = _BV(PWM1A) |_BV(CS13) | _BV(CS11) | _BV(CS10); // 1:1024 prescale
#endif
// Turn strips off ASAP (must follow clock_prescale_set)
strip.begin();
for(uint8_t s=0; s<N_STRIPS; s++) {
strip.setPin(s);
strip.show();
}
// Finish timer/counter setup
OCR1C = 255; // ~30 Hz
GTCCR = 0; // No PWM out
TIMSK |= _BV(TOIE1); // Enable overflow interrupt
}
void loop() { } // Not used -- everything's in interrupt below
// A timer interrupt is used so that everything runs at regular
// intervals, regardless of current amount of motion.
ISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect) {
uint16_t mag[STRIPLEN];
uint8_t s, d, p, r, g, b;
int mx1, m, level;
if(countdown == 0) { // Time to launch new drop?
if(nDrops < MAXDROPS-1) { // Is there space for one in the list?
do {
s = random(N_STRIPS);
} while(s == prevStrip); // Don't repeat prior strip
drop[nDrops].strip = prevStrip = s;
drop[nDrops].pos = -32; // Start off top of strip
drop[nDrops].speed = 1 + random(3);
drop[nDrops].brightness = 250 + random(520);
nDrops++;
countdown = 9 + random(28); // Time to launch next one
}
} else countdown--;
for(s=0; s<N_STRIPS; s++) { // For each strip...
memset(mag, 0, sizeof(mag)); // Clear magnitude table
// Render active drops for this strip into magnitude table
for(d=0; d<nDrops; d++) {
if(drop[d].strip == s) {
for(p=0; p<STRIPLEN; p++) { // For each pixel...
mx1 = (p << 2) - drop[d].pos; // Position of LED along wave
if((mx1 <= 0) || (mx1 >= 32)) continue; // Out of range
if(mx1 > 24) { // Rising edge of wave; ramp up fast (2 px)
m = ((long)drop[d].brightness * (long)(32 - mx1)) >> 4;
} else { // Falling edge of wave; fade slow (6 px)
m = ((long)drop[d].brightness * (long)mx1) / 24;
}
mag[p] += m; // Accumulate result in magnitude buffer
}
}
}
// Remap magnitude table to RGB for strand
for(p=0; p<STRIPLEN; p++) { // For each pixel in strip
level = mag[p]; // Pixel magnitude (brightness)
if(level < 255) { // 0-254 = black to green-1
r = b = 0;
g = pgm_read_byte(&gamma[level]);
} else if(level < 510) { // 255-509 = green to yellow-1
r = pgm_read_byte(&gamma[level - 255]);
g = 255;
b = 0;
} else if(level < 765) { // 510-764 = yellow to white-1
r = g = 255;
b = pgm_read_byte(&gamma[level - 510]);
} else { // 765+ = white
r = g = b = 255;
}
strip.setPixelColor(p, r, g, b);
}
strip.setPin(s); // Select output pin
strip.show(); // Strips don't need to refresh in sync
}
// Move 'active' drops
for(d=0; d<nDrops; d++) {
drop[d].pos += drop[d].speed;
if(drop[d].pos >= (STRIPLEN * 4)) { // Off end?
// Remove drop from list (move last one to this place)
memcpy((void *)&drop[d], (void *)&drop[nDrops-1], sizeof(drop[0]));
nDrops--;
}
}
}
Page last edited January 21, 2025
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