To use with CircuitPython, you need to first install a few libraries, into the lib folder on your CIRCUITPY drive. Then you need to update code.py with the example script.
Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the Download Project Bundle button below to download the necessary libraries and the code.py file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, open the directory Matrix_Portal_Moon_Clock/ and then click on the directory that matches the version of CircuitPython you're using and copy the contents of that directory to your CIRCUITPY drive.
Your CIRCUITPY drive should now look similar to the following image:
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 Phillip Burgess for Adafruit Industries # # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT """ MOON PHASE CLOCK for Adafruit Matrix Portal: displays current time, lunar phase and time of next moonrise or moonset. Requires WiFi internet access and Adafruit IO user account (basic account is free, just needs registration). Written by Phil 'PaintYourDragon' Burgess for Adafruit Industries. MIT license, all text above must be included in any redistribution. BDF fonts from the X.Org project. Startup 'splash' images should not be included in derivative projects, thanks. Tall splash images licensed from 123RF.com, wide splash images used with permission of artist Lew Lashmit ([email protected]). Rawr! """ # pylint: disable=import-error import gc import time import math import board import busio import displayio from rtc import RTC from adafruit_matrixportal.network import Network from adafruit_matrixportal.matrix import Matrix from adafruit_bitmap_font import bitmap_font import adafruit_display_text.label import adafruit_lis3dh try: from secrets import secrets except ImportError: print('WiFi secrets are kept in secrets.py, please add them there!') raise # CONFIGURABLE SETTINGS ---------------------------------------------------- TWELVE_HOUR = True # If set, use 12-hour time vs 24-hour (e.g. 3:00 vs 15:00) COUNTDOWN = False # If set, show time to (vs time of) next rise/set event MONTH_DAY = True # If set, use MM/DD vs DD/MM (e.g. 31/12 vs 12/31) BITPLANES = 6 # Ideally 6, but can set lower if RAM is tight # Moon API requres valid User-Agent header. Only maintainer should edit this. HEADERS = { "User-Agent" : "AdafruitMoonClock/1.1 [email protected]" } # SOME UTILITY FUNCTIONS AND CLASSES --------------------------------------- # Notes to Future Self on timekeeping: times are expressed in so many # formats throughout this code, a variable naming system is used: local # times (i.e. in clock's present geographic time zone) will have _local # in their variable name, while UTC times (aka Greenwich or Zulu time) # will have _utc. Types are also explicitly stated: strings (e.g. # "2023-07-20T08:37-07:00") will have _string in the variable name, # struct_time objects will have _struct, and integer "UNIX time" epoch # seconds will have _seconds. Conversions (offset is signed, e.g. -700): # Convert UTC to local time: add UTC offset; local = utc + offset # Convert local to UTC time: subtract UTC offset; utc = local - offset def update_system_time(): """ Update system clock date/time from Adafruit IO. Credentials and time zone are in secrets.py. See http://worldtimeapi.org/api/timezone for list of time zones. If missing, will attempt using IP geolocation. Returns present local (not UTC) time as a struct_time and UTC offset as string "sHH:MM". This may throw an exception on get_local_time(), it is NOT CAUGHT HERE, should be handled in the calling code because different behaviors may be needed for some situations (e.g. reschedule later). """ local_time_string = NETWORK.get_local_time() # Sets RTC() time, but also elements = local_time_string.split(" ") # returns server response utc_offset = int(elements[-2]) # Format shHMM, e.g. -700 = -7 hr, 0 min # Pad UTC format shHMM to sHH:MM as needed for moon API 3.0 utc_offset_string = "{:+03d}:{:02d}".format(utc_offset // 100, # Hours abs(utc_offset) % 100) # Mins return RTC().datetime, utc_offset_string def hh_mm(time_struct): """ Used for clock display elements, not for delta-time calculations. Given a struct_time, return a string as H:MM or HH:MM, either 12- or 24-hour style depending on global TWELVE_HOUR setting. This is ONLY for 'clock time,' NOT for countdown time, which is handled separately in the one spot where it's needed. """ if TWELVE_HOUR: if time_struct.tm_hour > 12: hour_string = str(time_struct.tm_hour - 12) # 13-23 -> 1-11 (pm) elif time_struct.tm_hour > 0: hour_string = str(time_struct.tm_hour) # 1-12 else: hour_string = '12' # 0 -> 12 (am) else: hour_string = '{0:0>2}'.format(time_struct.tm_hour) return hour_string + ':' + '{0:0>2}'.format(time_struct.tm_min) def parse_time_to_utc_seconds(time_local_string): """ Given a string of YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MMsHH:MM or YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ return equivalent UTC epoch seconds. """ # This could be UTC or local time, don't know yet, so no tag in var name date_time = time_local_string.split('T') # Separate into date and time date_str = date_time[0].split('-') # Separate date into Y/M/D time_str = date_time[1] # Moon API always puts 00 seconds for interval, while rise/set times # include no seconds value. Thus, only first two values are referenced: hour = int(time_str[0:2]) # HH:MM as encoded in string, minute = int(time_str[3:5]) # still could be UTC or local... if time_str[-1] != 'Z': # If not "Zulu time" (UTC), is local, so: hour -= int(time_str[-6:-3]) # convert local to UTC minute -= int(time_str[-2:]) return time.mktime(time.struct_time((int(date_str[0]), int(date_str[1]), int(date_str[2]), hour, minute, 0, -1, -1, False))) # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods class MoonData(): """ Class holding lunar data for a given 24-hour period. App uses two of these -- one for the current day, and one for the following day, then some interpolations and such can be made. Elements include: age : Moon phase 'age' at start of period, expressed from 0.0 (new moon) through 0.5 (full moon) to 1.0 (next new moon). start_utc_seconds : Epoch time at start of period, UTC end_utc_seconds : Epoch time at end of period, " rise_utc_seconds : Epoch time of moon rise within this 24-hour period set_utc_seconds : Epoch time of moon set within this 24-hour period """ def __init__(self, datetime_local_struct, days_ahead, utc_offset_string): """ Initialize MoonData elements (see above) given a struct_time, days to skip ahead (typically 0 or 1), and a UTC offset (as a string) and a query to the MET Norway Sunrise API (also provides lunar data), documented at: https://docs.api.met.no/doc/sunrise/celestial.html """ if days_ahead > 0: # Can't change attributes in struct_time, need to create a new # one which will roll the date ahead as needed. Convert to local # epoch seconds and back for the offset to work. :/ datetime_local_struct = time.localtime( time.mktime(time.struct_time(( datetime_local_struct.tm_year, datetime_local_struct.tm_mon, datetime_local_struct.tm_mday + days_ahead, datetime_local_struct.tm_hour, datetime_local_struct.tm_min, datetime_local_struct.tm_sec, -1, -1, -1)))) # URL does not contain local or UTC time, only date. strftime() is # not available in CircuitPython, manual conversion to time string # is needed. Response is moon data for a 24-hour period, based on # longitude and requested date. Some values within are UTC time, # others are local. Anything we parse out of this will be converted # to UTC epoch seconds, period. url = ('https://api.met.no/weatherapi/sunrise/3.0/moon?lat=' + str(LATITUDE) + '&lon=' + str(LONGITUDE) + '&date=' + str(datetime_local_struct.tm_year) + '-' + '{0:0>2}'.format(datetime_local_struct.tm_mon) + '-' + '{0:0>2}'.format(datetime_local_struct.tm_mday) + '&offset=' + utc_offset_string) print('Fetching moon data via', url) # pylint: disable=bare-except for _ in range(5): # Retries try: moon_data = NETWORK.fetch_data(url, json_path=[], headers = HEADERS) properties = moon_data['properties'] # 0 = new moon, 90 = Q1, 180 = full moon, 270 = LQ self.age = float(properties['moonphase']) / 360 interval = moon_data['when']['interval'] self.start_utc_seconds = parse_time_to_utc_seconds(interval[0]) self.end_utc_seconds = parse_time_to_utc_seconds(interval[1]) # Thx user sandorcourane for the properties fixes! if properties['moonrise']['time'] is not None: self.rise_utc_seconds = parse_time_to_utc_seconds( properties['moonrise']['time']) else: self.rise_utc_seconds = None if properties['moonset']['time'] is not None: self.set_utc_seconds = parse_time_to_utc_seconds( properties['moonset']['time']) else: self.set_utc_seconds = None return # Success! except: # Moon server error (maybe), try again after 15 seconds. # (Might be a memory error, that should be handled different) time.sleep(15) # ONE-TIME INITIALIZATION -------------------------------------------------- MATRIX = Matrix(bit_depth=BITPLANES) DISPLAY = MATRIX.display ACCEL = adafruit_lis3dh.LIS3DH_I2C(busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA), address=0x19) _ = ACCEL.acceleration # Dummy reading to blow out any startup residue time.sleep(0.1) DISPLAY.rotation = (int(((math.atan2(-ACCEL.acceleration.y, -ACCEL.acceleration.x) + math.pi) / (math.pi * 2) + 0.875) * 4) % 4) * 90 LARGE_FONT = bitmap_font.load_font('/fonts/helvB12.bdf') SMALL_FONT = bitmap_font.load_font('/fonts/helvR10.bdf') SYMBOL_FONT = bitmap_font.load_font('/fonts/6x10.bdf') LARGE_FONT.load_glyphs('0123456789:') SMALL_FONT.load_glyphs('0123456789:/.%') SYMBOL_FONT.load_glyphs('\u21A5\u21A7') # Display group is set up once, then we just shuffle items around later. # Order of creation here determines their stacking order. GROUP = displayio.Group() # Element 0 is a stand-in item, later replaced with the moon phase bitmap # pylint: disable=bare-except try: FILENAME = 'moon/splash-' + str(DISPLAY.rotation) + '.bmp' # CircuitPython 6 & 7 compatible BITMAP = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(open(FILENAME, 'rb')) TILE_GRID = displayio.TileGrid( BITMAP, pixel_shader=getattr(BITMAP, 'pixel_shader', displayio.ColorConverter()) ) # # CircuitPython 7+ compatible # BITMAP = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(FILENAME) # TILE_GRID = displayio.TileGrid(BITMAP, pixel_shader=BITMAP.pixel_shader) GROUP.append(TILE_GRID) except: GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(SMALL_FONT, color=0xFF0000, text='AWOO')) GROUP[0].x = (DISPLAY.width - GROUP[0].bounding_box[2] + 1) // 2 GROUP[0].y = DISPLAY.height // 2 - 1 # Elements 1-4 are an outline around the moon percentage -- text labels # offset by 1 pixel up/down/left/right. Initial position is off the matrix, # updated on first refresh. Initial text value must be long enough for # longest anticipated string later. for i in range(4): GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(SMALL_FONT, color=0, text='99.9%', y=-99)) # Element 5 is the moon percentage (on top of the outline labels) GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(SMALL_FONT, color=0xFFFF00, text='99.9%', y=-99)) # Element 6 is the current time GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(LARGE_FONT, color=0x808080, text='12:00', y=-99)) # Element 7 is the current date GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(SMALL_FONT, color=0x808080, text='12/31', y=-99)) # Element 8 is a symbol indicating next rise or set GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(SYMBOL_FONT, color=0x00FF00, text='x', y=-99)) # Element 9 is the time of (or time to) next rise/set event GROUP.append(adafruit_display_text.label.Label(SMALL_FONT, color=0x00FF00, text='12:00', y=-99)) DISPLAY.root_group = GROUP NETWORK = Network(status_neopixel=board.NEOPIXEL, debug=False) NETWORK.connect() # LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, TIMEZONE are set up once, constant over app lifetime # Fetch latitude/longitude from secrets.py. If not present, use # IP geolocation. This only needs to be done once, at startup! try: LATITUDE = secrets['latitude'] LONGITUDE = secrets['longitude'] print('Using stored geolocation: ', LATITUDE, LONGITUDE) except KeyError: LATITUDE, LONGITUDE = ( NETWORK.fetch_data('http://www.geoplugin.net/json.gp', json_path=[['geoplugin_latitude'], ['geoplugin_longitude']])) print('Using IP geolocation: ', LATITUDE, LONGITUDE) # Set initial clock time, also fetch initial UTC offset while # here (NOT stored in secrets.py as it may change with DST). # pylint: disable=bare-except try: DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT, UTC_OFFSET_STRING = update_system_time() except: DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT, UTC_OFFSET_STRING = time.localtime(), '+00:00' LAST_SYNC_LOCAL_SECONDS = time.mktime(DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT) # Poll server for moon data for current 24-hour period and +24 ahead PERIOD = [] for DAY in range(2): # Today, tomorrow PERIOD.append(MoonData(DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT, DAY, UTC_OFFSET_STRING)) # PERIOD[0] is a current 24-hour time period we're in. PERIOD[1] is the # 24 hours following that. Start/end time thresholds vary by longitude. # Any values within the object are expressed in UTC seconds. Data is # shifted down and new data fetched as days expire. Thought we might need a # PERIOD[2] for certain circumstances but it appears not, that's changed # easily enough if needed. # MAIN LOOP ---------------------------------------------------------------- while True: gc.collect() NOW_LOCAL_SECONDS = time.time() # Current local epoch time in seconds # Sync with time server every ~3 hours if NOW_LOCAL_SECONDS - LAST_SYNC_LOCAL_SECONDS > 3 * 60 * 60: try: DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT, UTC_OFFSET_STRING = update_system_time() LAST_SYNC_LOCAL_SECONDS = time.mktime(DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT) continue # Time may have changed; refresh NOW_LOCAL_SECONDS value except: # update_system_time() can throw an exception if time server doesn't # respond. That's OK, keep running with our current time, and # push sync time ahead to retry in 30 minutes (don't overwhelm # the server with repeated queries). LAST_SYNC_LOCAL_SECONDS += 30 * 60 # 30 minutes -> seconds # NOW_LOCAL_SECONDS and DATETIME_LOCAL_STRUCT are local time, while all # moon properties are UTC. Convert 'now' to UTC seconds... # UTC_OFFSET_STRING is a string, like +HH:MM. Convert to integer seconds: hhmm = UTC_OFFSET_STRING.split(':') utc_offset_seconds = ((int(hhmm[0]) * 60 + int(hhmm[1])) * 60) NOW_UTC_SECONDS = NOW_LOCAL_SECONDS - utc_offset_seconds # If PERIOD has expired, move data down and fetch new +24-hour data if NOW_UTC_SECONDS >= PERIOD[0].end_utc_seconds: PERIOD[0] = PERIOD[1] PERIOD[1] = MoonData(time.localtime(), 1, UTC_OFFSET_STRING) # Determine weighting of tomorrow's phase vs today's, using current time RATIO = ((NOW_UTC_SECONDS - PERIOD[0].start_utc_seconds) / (PERIOD[1].start_utc_seconds - PERIOD[0].start_utc_seconds)) # Determine moon phase 'age' # 0.0 = new moon # 0.25 = first quarter # 0.5 = full moon # 0.75 = last quarter # 1.0 = new moon if PERIOD[0].age < PERIOD[1].age: AGE = (PERIOD[0].age + (PERIOD[1].age - PERIOD[0].age) * RATIO) % 1.0 else: # Handle age wraparound (1.0 -> 0.0) # If tomorrow's age is less than today's, it indicates a new moon # crossover. Add 1 to tomorrow's age when computing age delta. AGE = (PERIOD[0].age + (PERIOD[1].age + 1 - PERIOD[0].age) * RATIO) % 1.0 # AGE can be used for direct lookup to moon bitmap (0 to 99) -- these # images are pre-rendered for a linear timescale (solar terminator moves # nonlinearly across sphere). FRAME = int(AGE * 100) % 100 # Bitmap 0 to 99 # Then use some trig to get percentage lit if AGE <= 0.5: # New -> first quarter -> full PERCENT = (1 - math.cos(AGE * 2 * math.pi)) * 50 else: # Full -> last quarter -> new PERCENT = (1 + math.cos((AGE - 0.5) * 2 * math.pi)) * 50 # Find next rise/set event, complicated by the fact that some 24-hour # periods might not have one or the other (but usually do) due to the # Moon rising ~50 mins later each day. This uses a brute force approach, # working through the time periods to locate rise/set events that # A) exist in that 24-hour period (are not None), B) are still in # the future, and C) are closer than the last guess. What's left at the # end is the next rise or set time, and a flag whether the moon's # currently risen or not. NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS = NOW_UTC_SECONDS + 300000 # Way future for DAY in PERIOD: if (DAY.rise_utc_seconds and NOW_UTC_SECONDS < DAY.rise_utc_seconds < NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS): NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS = DAY.rise_utc_seconds RISEN = False # Current moon state; next event is inverse if (DAY.set_utc_seconds and NOW_UTC_SECONDS < DAY.set_utc_seconds < NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS): NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS = DAY.set_utc_seconds RISEN = True if DISPLAY.rotation in (0, 180): # Horizontal 'landscape' orientation CENTER_X = 48 # Text along right MOON_Y = 0 # Moon at left TIME_Y = 6 # Time at top right EVENT_Y = 26 # Rise/set at bottom right else: # Vertical 'portrait' orientation CENTER_X = 16 # Text down center if RISEN: MOON_Y = 0 # Moon at top EVENT_Y = 38 # Rise/set in middle TIME_Y = 49 # Time/date at bottom else: TIME_Y = 6 # Time/date at top EVENT_Y = 26 # Rise/set in middle MOON_Y = 32 # Moon at bottom print() # Update moon image (GROUP[0]) FILENAME = 'moon/moon' + '{0:0>2}'.format(FRAME) + '.bmp' # CircuitPython 6 & 7 compatible # BITMAP = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(open(FILENAME, 'rb')) # TILE_GRID = displayio.TileGrid( # BITMAP, # pixel_shader=getattr(BITMAP, 'pixel_shader', # displayio.ColorConverter()) # ) # CircuitPython 7+ compatible BITMAP = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(FILENAME) TILE_GRID = displayio.TileGrid(BITMAP, pixel_shader=BITMAP.pixel_shader) TILE_GRID.x = 0 TILE_GRID.y = MOON_Y GROUP[0] = TILE_GRID # Update percent value (5 labels: GROUP[1-4] for outline, [5] for text) if PERCENT >= 99.95: STRING = '100%' else: STRING = '{:.1f}'.format(PERCENT + 0.05) + '%' print(NOW_UTC_SECONDS, STRING, 'full') # Set element 5 first, use its size and position for setting others GROUP[5].text = STRING GROUP[5].x = 16 - GROUP[5].bounding_box[2] // 2 GROUP[5].y = MOON_Y + 16 for _ in range(1, 5): GROUP[_].text = GROUP[5].text GROUP[1].x, GROUP[1].y = GROUP[5].x, GROUP[5].y - 1 # Up 1 pixel GROUP[2].x, GROUP[2].y = GROUP[5].x - 1, GROUP[5].y # Left GROUP[3].x, GROUP[3].y = GROUP[5].x + 1, GROUP[5].y # Right GROUP[4].x, GROUP[4].y = GROUP[5].x, GROUP[5].y + 1 # Down # Update next-event time (GROUP[8] and [9]) NEXT_EVENT_LOCAL_STRUCT = time.localtime(NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS + utc_offset_seconds) # Need later if COUNTDOWN: # Show NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS as countdown to event MINUTES = (NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS - NOW_UTC_SECONDS) // 60 STRING = str(MINUTES // 60) + ':' + '{0:0>2}'.format(MINUTES % 60) else: # Show NEXT_EVENT_UTC_SECONDS in clock time STRING = hh_mm(NEXT_EVENT_LOCAL_STRUCT) GROUP[9].text = STRING XPOS = CENTER_X - (GROUP[9].bounding_box[2] + 6) // 2 GROUP[8].x = XPOS if RISEN: # Next event is SET GROUP[8].text = '\u21A7' # Downwards arrow from bar GROUP[8].y = EVENT_Y - 2 print('Sets:', STRING) else: # Next event is RISE GROUP[8].text = '\u21A5' # Upwards arrow from bar GROUP[8].y = EVENT_Y - 1 print('Rises:', STRING) GROUP[9].x = XPOS + 6 GROUP[9].y = EVENT_Y # Show event time in green if a.m., amber if p.m. GROUP[8].color = GROUP[9].color = (0x00FF00 if NEXT_EVENT_LOCAL_STRUCT.tm_hour < 12 else 0xC04000) # Update time (GROUP[6]) and date (GROUP[7]) NOW_LOCAL_STRUCT = time.localtime() STRING = hh_mm(NOW_LOCAL_STRUCT) GROUP[6].text = STRING GROUP[6].x = CENTER_X - GROUP[6].bounding_box[2] // 2 GROUP[6].y = TIME_Y if MONTH_DAY: STRING = (str(NOW_LOCAL_STRUCT.tm_mon) + '/' + str(NOW_LOCAL_STRUCT.tm_mday)) else: STRING = (str(NOW_LOCAL_STRUCT.tm_mday) + '/' + str(NOW_LOCAL_STRUCT.tm_mon)) GROUP[7].text = STRING GROUP[7].x = CENTER_X - GROUP[7].bounding_box[2] // 2 GROUP[7].y = TIME_Y + 10 DISPLAY.refresh() # Force full repaint (splash screen sometimes sticks) time.sleep(5)
One additional file you’ll create or edit yourself — secrets.py — is explained on the next page…