To create images on a computer, there are a number of methods to do so. Generally, they involve either pixel-level editing (Windows Paint, Mac Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Affinity Photo, etc.) and vector-level editing (Adobe Illustrator, Affinity Designer, Inkscape, etc., and even Microsoft PowerPoint). Vector editing uses lines and curves to make up objects in an art piece while pixel editing takes groups of individual pixels (dots). While pixel editing is more common, it is vector editing that allows for very easy changes to a design.
Typical editors of both types tend to rely on a layered design. While Windows Paint is only a one-layer editor (if you overwrite something, it is now part of the image), layers can be thought of as a stack of pictures that when added together form a complete image.
Layers work particularly well as PCBs are also made up of layers.
The substrate, a fiberglass layer usually designated FR-4, is not changeable by the PCB design. It is similar to a canvas with the color being whatever the board house uses, typically greyish, perhaps greenish.
Copper layers are on either side of the substrate (for a two-sided board which is typical for our use) and can be milled into many shapes.
Solder mask layers are used on the PCB to insulate the copper from the surface and are handy to manipulate for art.
Finally, silk screen layers provide the last bit of customization as to printing on a layer and usually text or designs are on these layers.
Holes may be drilled through the PCB during manufacturing, if you wish, for decoration or as a way to hang your art.
The silkscreen, solder mask, and copper afford three layers for customization. Some designs even use the lack of these three layers, exposing the substrate, to be a fourth layer. The art process will specify the shapes of the three layers to make an artistic piece. With a two-sided board, there is an opportunity to either make a one-sided piece or a two-sided piece.
Another thing you can specify is the boundary of the art piece. This is designated End Cuts, as a mill will route an outline around your board.
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