The Arduino code presented below works equally well on all versions of GEMMA: v2 and M0. But if you have an M0 board, consider using the CircuitPython code on the next page of this guide, no Arduino IDE required! Click to Download the NeoPixel Library
Installing Arduino libraries is a frequent stumbling block. If this is your first time, or simply needing a refresher, please read the All About Arduino Libraries tutorial.
If the library is correctly installed (and the Arduino IDE is restarted), you should be able to navigate through the “File” rollover menus as follows:
File→Sketchbook→Libraries→Adafruit_NeoPixel→strandtest
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Mikey Sklar for Adafruit Industries
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
// The onboard red LED's pin
#define REDLED_PIN 1
// The data-in pin of the NeoPixel
#define WICK_PIN 0
// Any unconnected pin, to try to generate a random seed
#define UNCONNECTED_PIN 2
// The LED can be in only one of these states at any given time
#define BRIGHT 0
#define UP 1
#define DOWN 2
#define DIM 3
#define BRIGHT_HOLD 4
#define DIM_HOLD 5
// Percent chance the LED will suddenly fall to minimum brightness
#define INDEX_BOTTOM_PERCENT 10
// Absolute minimum red value (green value is a function of red's value)
#define INDEX_BOTTOM 128
// Minimum red value during "normal" flickering (not a dramatic change)
#define INDEX_MIN 192
// Maximum red value
#define INDEX_MAX 255
// Decreasing brightness will take place over a number of milliseconds in this range
#define DOWN_MIN_MSECS 20
#define DOWN_MAX_MSECS 250
// Increasing brightness will take place over a number of milliseconds in this range
#define UP_MIN_MSECS 20
#define UP_MAX_MSECS 250
// Percent chance the color will hold unchanged after brightening
#define BRIGHT_HOLD_PERCENT 20
// When holding after brightening, hold for a number of milliseconds in this range
#define BRIGHT_HOLD_MIN_MSECS 0
#define BRIGHT_HOLD_MAX_MSECS 100
// Percent chance the color will hold unchanged after dimming
#define DIM_HOLD_PERCENT 5
// When holding after dimming, hold for a number of milliseconds in this range
#define DIM_HOLD_MIN_MSECS 0
#define DIM_HOLD_MAX_MSECS 50
#define MINVAL(A,B) (((A) < (B)) ? (A) : (B))
#define MAXVAL(A,B) (((A) > (B)) ? (A) : (B))
Adafruit_NeoPixel *wick;
byte state;
unsigned long flicker_msecs;
unsigned long flicker_start;
byte index_start;
byte index_end;
void set_color(byte index)
{
index = MAXVAL(MINVAL(index, INDEX_MAX), INDEX_BOTTOM);
if (index >= INDEX_MIN)
wick->setPixelColor(0, index, (index * 3) / 8, 0);
else if (index < INDEX_MIN)
wick->setPixelColor(0, index, (index * 3.25) / 8, 0);
wick->show();
return;
}
void setup()
{
// There is no good source of entropy to seed the random number generator,
// so we'll just read the analog value of an unconnected pin. This won't be
// very random either, but there's really nothing else we can do.
//
// True randomness isn't strictly necessary, we just don't want a whole
// string of these things to do exactly the same thing at the same time if
// they're all powered on simultaneously.
randomSeed(analogRead(UNCONNECTED_PIN));
// Turn off the onboard red LED
pinMode(REDLED_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(REDLED_PIN, LOW);
wick = new Adafruit_NeoPixel(1, WICK_PIN, NEO_RGB + NEO_KHZ800);
// wick = new Adafruit_NeoPixel(1, WICK_PIN); // for RGBW, if you see green uncomment this line
wick->begin();
wick->show();
set_color(255);
index_start = 255;
index_end = 255;
state = BRIGHT;
return;
}
void loop()
{
unsigned long current_time;
current_time = millis();
switch (state)
{
case BRIGHT:
flicker_msecs = random(DOWN_MAX_MSECS - DOWN_MIN_MSECS) + DOWN_MIN_MSECS;
flicker_start = current_time;
index_start = index_end;
if ((index_start > INDEX_BOTTOM) &&
(random(100) < INDEX_BOTTOM_PERCENT))
index_end = random(index_start - INDEX_BOTTOM) + INDEX_BOTTOM;
else
index_end = random(index_start - INDEX_MIN) + INDEX_MIN;
state = DOWN;
break;
case DIM:
flicker_msecs = random(UP_MAX_MSECS - UP_MIN_MSECS) + UP_MIN_MSECS;
flicker_start = current_time;
index_start = index_end;
index_end = random(INDEX_MAX - index_start) + INDEX_MIN;
state = UP;
break;
case BRIGHT_HOLD:
case DIM_HOLD:
if (current_time >= (flicker_start + flicker_msecs))
state = (state == BRIGHT_HOLD) ? BRIGHT : DIM;
break;
case UP:
case DOWN:
if (current_time < (flicker_start + flicker_msecs))
set_color(index_start + ((index_end - index_start) * (((current_time - flicker_start) * 1.0) / flicker_msecs)));
else
{
set_color(index_end);
if (state == DOWN)
{
if (random(100) < DIM_HOLD_PERCENT)
{
flicker_start = current_time;
flicker_msecs = random(DIM_HOLD_MAX_MSECS - DIM_HOLD_MIN_MSECS) + DIM_HOLD_MIN_MSECS;
state = DIM_HOLD;
}
else
state = DIM;
}
else
{
if (random(100) < BRIGHT_HOLD_PERCENT)
{
flicker_start = current_time;
flicker_msecs = random(BRIGHT_HOLD_MAX_MSECS - BRIGHT_HOLD_MIN_MSECS) + BRIGHT_HOLD_MIN_MSECS;
state = BRIGHT_HOLD;
}
else
state = BRIGHT;
}
}
break;
}
return;
}
From the Tools→Board menu, select the device you are using:
- Adafruit Gemma M0
- Adafruit Gemma 8 MHz
Connect the USB cable between the computer and your device. The original Gemma (8 MHz) need the reset button pressed on the board, then click the upload button (right arrow icon) in the Arduino IDE. You do not need to press the reset on the newer Gemma M0.
When the battery is connected, you should get a light show from the LEDs. All your pixels working? Great! You can take apart this prototype and get ready to put the pixels in the collar. Refer to the NeoPixel Uberguide for more info.
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