IR Breakbeam Sensors

by lady ada

published December 10, 2014, last edited May 01, 2024

posted in Sensors/ Proximity

Save Download

Intermediate

Project guide

Arduino

Wiring these sensors for Arduino use is really easy.

First up you'll need to power the transmitter. Connect the black wire to ground and the red wire directly to 3.3V or 5V power. It will draw 9mA from 3.3V (lower power) and 20mA from 5V (better range)

Next up you'll want to connect up the receiver. Connect the black wire to ground, the red wire to 3.3V or 5V (whichever logic level you like) and then the white or yellow wire to your digital input.

Note that you do not have to share power supply ground or power between the two, the 'signal' is sent optically.

The receiver is open collector which means that you do need a pull up resistor. Most microcontrollers have the ability to turn on a built in pull up resistor. If you do not, connect a 10K resistor between the white wire of the receiver and the red wire.

On an Arduino, we'll connect the signal (yellow/white) pin to Digital #4

Run this demo code on your Arduino

Download File

Copy Code

/* 
  IR Breakbeam sensor demo!
*/

#define LEDPIN 13
  // Pin 13: Arduino has an LED connected on pin 13
  // Pin 11: Teensy 2.0 has the LED on pin 11
  // Pin  6: Teensy++ 2.0 has the LED on pin 6
  // Pin 13: Teensy 3.0 has the LED on pin 13

#define SENSORPIN 4

// variables will change:
int sensorState = 0, lastState=0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status

void setup() {
  // initialize the LED pin as an output:
  pinMode(LEDPIN, OUTPUT);      
  // initialize the sensor pin as an input:
  pinMode(SENSORPIN, INPUT);     
  digitalWrite(SENSORPIN, HIGH); // turn on the pullup
  
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop(){
  // read the state of the pushbutton value:
  sensorState = digitalRead(SENSORPIN);

  // check if the sensor beam is broken
  // if it is, the sensorState is LOW:
  if (sensorState == LOW) {     
    // turn LED on:
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, HIGH);  
  } 
  else {
    // turn LED off:
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, LOW); 
  }
  
  if (sensorState && !lastState) {
    Serial.println("Unbroken");
  } 
  if (!sensorState && lastState) {
    Serial.println("Broken");
  }
  lastState = sensorState;
}

/* 
  IR Breakbeam sensor demo!
*/

#define LEDPIN 13
  // Pin 13: Arduino has an LED connected on pin 13
  // Pin 11: Teensy 2.0 has the LED on pin 11
  // Pin  6: Teensy++ 2.0 has the LED on pin 6
  // Pin 13: Teensy 3.0 has the LED on pin 13

#define SENSORPIN 4

// variables will change:
int sensorState = 0, lastState=0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status

void setup() {
  // initialize the LED pin as an output:
  pinMode(LEDPIN, OUTPUT);      
  // initialize the sensor pin as an input:
  pinMode(SENSORPIN, INPUT);     
  digitalWrite(SENSORPIN, HIGH); // turn on the pullup
  
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop(){
  // read the state of the pushbutton value:
  sensorState = digitalRead(SENSORPIN);

  // check if the sensor beam is broken
  // if it is, the sensorState is LOW:
  if (sensorState == LOW) {     
    // turn LED on:
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, HIGH);  
  } 
  else {
    // turn LED off:
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, LOW); 
  }
  
  if (sensorState && !lastState) {
    Serial.println("Unbroken");
  } 
  if (!sensorState && lastState) {
    Serial.println("Broken");
  }
  lastState = sensorState;
}

With the above wiring, when you put you hand between the sensor pair, the onboard LED will turn on and the serial console will print out messages:

Note that sunlight has infrared in it. The setup will work best in a darkened room where most or all the infrared light is from the emitter. If you need to use a sensor in a ambient light environment, you'll likely want to use a different type of sensor such as a distance measuring device or possibly a passive infrared (PIR) sensor.

Page last edited May 01, 2024