# eInk Literature Quotes Clock for MagTag

## Overview

![Adafruit MagTag running the eInk literature clock showing the time change from one minute to the next](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/141/588/medium800thumb/circuitpython_new_demo_vid.jpg?1765386159 )

This clock runs on the MagTag and displays the time using quotes from books. Nearly every minute of the day has one or more quotes to choose from. The clock updates once per minute to display a quote that references the current time. The most relevant portion of the quote, the bit that references the current time, is rendered with outlined font to make it easier to find at a glance.

The inspiration for this project was this [Literary Clock made from an E-reader](https://www.instructables.com/Literary-Clock-Made-From-E-reader/) posted on Instructables by [tjaap](https://www.instructables.com/member/tjaap/). There is also a [website version](https://literature-clock.jenevoldsen.com/) of it created by Johannes Enevoldsen. All of them were made possible by an [initiative from The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/books/table/2011/apr/21/literary-clock?CMP=twt_gu), who crowd sourced the quotes by asking their readers to find and submit them.

## Parts
Featured
### Adafruit MagTag - 2.9" Grayscale E-Ink WiFi Display

[Adafruit MagTag - 2.9" Grayscale E-Ink WiFi Display](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4800)
The Adafruit MagTag combines the ESP32-S2 wireless module and a 2.9" grayscale E-Ink display to make a low-power IoT display that can show data on its screen even when power is removed! The ESP32-S2 is great because it builds on the years of code and support for the ESP32 and also adds...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4800)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4800/guides)
![Angled shot of rectangle-shaped electronic ink display breakout with the text: "MAGTAG 2025 Edition with SSD1680 Chipset"](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4800-10.jpg)

Featured
### Mini Magnet Feet for RGB LED Matrices (Pack of 4)

[Mini Magnet Feet for RGB LED Matrices (Pack of 4)](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4631)
Got a glorious RGB Matrix project you want to mount and display in your workspace or home? If you have one of the matrix panels listed below, you'll need a pack of these **Mini-Magnet Feet.**  We got these specifically for our RGB LED Matrices, which no longer...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4631)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4631/guides)
![Angled shot of four magnet feet.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4631-00.jpg)

Featured
### USB Type A to Type C Cable - approx 1 meter / 3 ft long

[USB Type A to Type C Cable - approx 1 meter / 3 ft long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4474)
As technology changes and adapts, so does Adafruit. This   **USB Type A to Type C** cable will help you with the transition to USB C, even if you're still totin' around a USB Type A hub, computer or laptop.

USB C is the latest industry-standard connector for...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4474)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4474/guides)
![Angled shot of a coiled black, USB-C to USB-A cable.](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/640x480/4474-02.jpg)

# eInk Literature Quotes Clock for MagTag

## Install CircuitPython

Danger: Make sure that you [update the TinyUF2 Bootloader](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag/update-tinyuf2-bootloader-for-circuitpython-10-4mb-boards-only) before installing CircuitPython!

### Adafruit MagTag - Update TinyUF2 Bootloader for CircuitPython 10 and Later

[Adafruit MagTag](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag)
[Update TinyUF2 Bootloader for CircuitPython 10 and Later](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag/update-tinyuf2-bootloader-for-circuitpython-10-4mb-boards-only)
[CircuitPython](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython) is a derivative of [MicroPython](https://micropython.org) designed to simplify experimentation and education on low-cost microcontrollers. It makes it easier than ever to get prototyping by requiring no upfront desktop software downloads. Simply copy and edit files on the **CIRCUITPY** drive to iterate.

## Set Up CircuitPython

Follow the steps to get CircuitPython installed on your MagTag.

[CircuitPython UF2 Download for MagTag](https://adafruit-circuit-python.s3.amazonaws.com/bin/adafruit_magtag_2.9_grayscale/en_US/adafruit-circuitpython-adafruit_magtag_2.9_grayscale-en_US-20251209-main-PR10740-648aae0.uf2)
[CircuitPython BIN download for MagTag](https://adafruit-circuit-python.s3.amazonaws.com/bin/adafruit_magtag_2.9_grayscale/en_US/adafruit-circuitpython-adafruit_magtag_2.9_grayscale-en_US-20251209-main-PR10740-648aae0.bin)
Warning: WARNING: The updated Adafruit MagTag 2025 Edition will not work with CircuitPython 9.2.x or earlier. Make sure you install 10.x.x or later!

 **Click the buttons above to download the latest .BIN and .UF2 file**

As of 12/11/25 this project requires the absolute newest build of 10.x CircuitPython. A suitable version can be obtained from the buttons above.

(depending on how you program the ESP32S2 board you may need one or the other, might as well get both)

Download and save it to your desktop (or wherever is handy).

Plug your MagTag into your computer using a known-good USB cable.

**A lot of people end up using charge-only USB cables and it is very frustrating! So make sure you have a USB cable you know is good for data sync.**

![adafruit_products_MagTag_top.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/096/955/medium640/adafruit_products_MagTag_top.jpg?1605035864)

# Option 1 - Load with UF2 Bootloader

This is by far the easiest way to load CircuitPython. **However it requires your board has the UF2 bootloader installed. Some early boards do not (we hadn't written UF2 yet!) - in which case you can load using the built in ROM bootloader.**

Still, try this first!

Warning: Make sure that you [update the TinyUF2 Bootloader](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag/update-tinyuf2-bootloader-for-circuitpython-10-4mb-boards-only) before following these steps for the UF2 bootloader!

## Try Launching UF2 Bootloader

Loading CircuitPython by drag-n-drop UF2 bootloader is the easier way and we recommend it. If you have a MagTag where the front of the board is black, your MagTag came with UF2 already on it.

![adafruit_products_IMG_0169.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/097/429/medium640/adafruit_products_IMG_0169.jpg?1607200225)

Launch UF2 by **double-clicking** the Reset button (the one next to the USB C port). You may have to try a few times to get the timing right.

![adafruit_products_MagTag_pinouts_Reset_and_Boot0.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/097/430/medium640/adafruit_products_MagTag_pinouts_Reset_and_Boot0.jpg?1607202717)

If the UF2 bootloader is installed, you will see a new disk drive appear called **MAGTAGBOOT**

![adafruit_products_image.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/097/431/medium640/adafruit_products_image.png?1607202820)

Copy the **UF2** file you downloaded at the first step of this tutorial onto the **MAGTAGBOOT** drive

![adafruit_products_image.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/097/432/medium640/adafruit_products_image.png?1607202977)

If you're using Windows and you get an error at the end of the file copy that says **Error from the file copy, Error 0x800701B1: A device which does not exist was specified.** You can ignore this error, the bootloader sometimes disconnects without telling Windows, the install completed just fine and you can continue.[If its really annoying, you can also upgrade the bootloader (the latest version of the UF2 bootloader fixes this warning)](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag/install-uf2-bootloader)

Your board should auto-reset into CircuitPython, or you may need to press reset. A **CIRCUITPY** drive will appear. You're done! Go to the next pages.

![adafruit_products_image.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/097/433/medium640/adafruit_products_image.png?1607203475)

# Option 2 - Use esptool to load BIN file

If you have an original MagTag with while soldermask on the front, we didn't have UF2 written for the ESP32S2 yet so it will not come with the UF2 bootloader.

You can upload with **esptool** to the ROM (hardware) bootloader instead!

Follow the initial steps found in the [Run esptool and check connection section of the ROM Bootloader page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag/rom-bootloader#run-esptool-and-check-connection-3076823-5) to verify your environment is set up, your board is successfully connected, and which port it's using.

**In the final command to write a binary file to the board, replace the port with your port, and replace "firmware.bin" with the the file you downloaded above.**

The output should look something like the output in the image.

![adafruit_products_Metro_ESP32_S2_binary_install.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/096/950/medium640/adafruit_products_Metro_ESP32_S2_binary_install.png?1605031120)

Press reset to exit the bootloader.

Your **CIRCUITPY** drive should appear!

You're all set! Go to the next pages.

![adafruit_products_Metro_ESP32_S2_CIRCUITPY.png](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/096/951/medium640/adafruit_products_Metro_ESP32_S2_CIRCUITPY.png?1605031168)

# Option 3 - Use Chrome Browser To Upload BIN file

If for some reason you cannot get esptool to run, you can always try using the Chrome-browser version of esptool we have written. This is handy if you don't have Python on your computer, or something is really weird with your setup that makes esptool not run (which happens sometimes and isn't worth debugging!) You can follow along on the [Web Serial ESPTool](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag/web-serial-esptool) page and either load the UF2 bootloader and then come back to Option 1 on this page, or you can download the CircuitPython BIN file directly using the tool in the same manner as the bootloader.

# eInk Literature Quotes Clock for MagTag

## Create Your settings.toml File

CircuitPython works with WiFi-capable boards to enable you to make projects that have network connectivity. This means working with various passwords and API keys. As of [CircuitPython 8](https://circuitpython.org/downloads), there is support for a **settings.toml** file. This is a file that is stored on your **CIRCUITPY** drive, that contains all of your secret network information, such as your SSID, SSID password and any API keys for IoT services. It is designed to separate your sensitive information from your **code.py** file so you are able to share your code without sharing your credentials.

CircuitPython previously used a **secrets.py** file for this purpose. The **settings.toml** file is quite similar.

Warning: Your **settings.toml** file should be stored in the main directory of your **CIRCUITPY** drive. It should not be in a folder.

## CircuitPython **settings.toml** File

This section will provide a couple of examples of what your **settings.toml** file should look like, specifically for CircuitPython WiFi projects in general.

The most minimal **settings.toml** file must contain your WiFi SSID and password, as that is the minimum required to connect to WiFi. Copy this example, paste it into your **settings.toml** , and update:

- `your_wifi_ssid`
- `your_wifi_password`

```auto
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid"
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password"
```

Many CircuitPython network-connected projects on the Adafruit Learn System involve using Adafruit IO. For these projects, you must _also_ include your Adafruit IO username and key. Copy the following example, paste it into your settings.toml file, and update:

- `your_wifi_ssid`
- `your_wifi_password`
- `your_aio_username`
- `your_aio_key`

```auto
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "your_wifi_ssid"
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password"
ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME = "your_aio_username"
ADAFRUIT_AIO_KEY = "your_aio_key"
```

Some projects use different variable names for the entries in the **settings.toml** file. For example, a project might use `ADAFRUIT_AIO_ID` in the place of `ADAFRUIT_AIO_USERNAME`. **If you run into connectivity issues, one of the first things to check is that the names in the settings.toml file match the names in the code.**

Warning: Not every project uses the same variable name for each entry in the **settings.toml** file! Always verify it matches the code.

## **settings.toml** File Tips
Here is an example **settings.toml** file.

```auto
# Comments are supported
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_SSID = "guest wifi"
CIRCUITPY_WIFI_PASSWORD = "guessable"
CIRCUITPY_WEB_API_PORT = 80
CIRCUITPY_WEB_API_PASSWORD = "passw0rd"
test_variable = "this is a test"
thumbs_up = "\U0001f44d"
```

In a **settings.toml** file, it's important to keep these factors in mind:

- Strings are wrapped in double quotes; ex: `"your-string-here"`
- Integers are _ **not** _ quoted and may be written in decimal with optional sign (`+1`, `-1`, `1000`) or hexadecimal (`0xabcd`).
  - Floats (decimal numbers), octal (`0o567`) and binary (`0b11011`) are not supported.

- Use `\u` escapes for weird characters, `\x` and `\ooo` escapes are not available in **.toml** files
  - Example: `\U0001f44d` for 👍 (thumbs up emoji) and `\u20ac` for € (EUR sign)

- Unicode emoji, and non-ASCII characters, stand for themselves as long as you're careful to save in "UTF-8 without BOM" format

 

 

When your  **settings.toml ** file is ready, you can save it in your text editor with the **.toml**  extension.

![adafruit_products_dotToml.jpg](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/117/071/medium640/adafruit_products_dotToml.jpg?1671034293)

## Accessing Your **settings.toml** Information in **code.py**
In your **code.py** file, you'll need to `import` the `os` library to access the **settings.toml** file. Your settings are accessed with the `os.getenv()` function. You'll pass your settings entry to the function to import it into the **code.py** file.

```python
import os

print(os.getenv("test_variable"))
```

![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/117/072/medium800/adafruit_products_tomlOutput.jpg?1671034496)

In the upcoming CircuitPython WiFi examples, you'll see how the **settings.toml ** file is used for connecting to your SSID and accessing your API keys.

# eInk Literature Quotes Clock for MagTag

## Code

## Getting the Program's Files

To use the application, you need to obtain **code.py** with the program, and the **quotes\_data/** folder with zipped CSV files in it to place on the MagTag **CIRCUITPY** drive.

Thankfully, this can be done in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file.

Connect your board to your computer via a known good data+power USB cable. The board should show up in your File Explorer/Finder (depending on your operating system) as a flash drive named **CIRCUITPY**.

Extract the contents of the zip file, copy the **lib** directory files to **CIRCUITPY/lib**. Copy the **code.py** and **quotes\_data/** folder to your **CIRCUITPY** drive. The program should self start.

Warning: This project uses brand new functionality in the `adafruit_display_text` library. The MagTag device has an older version of the library without the necessary features frozen in to its firmware. In order for the project to work you must place the `adafruit_display_text` folder in the root of CIRCUITPY instead of inside of the `lib/` folder like normal.

https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/MagTag/MagTag_Literature_Clock/code.py

## Drive Structure

After copying the files, your drive should look like the listing below. It can contain other files as well, but must contain these at a minimum.

Warning: This project uses brand new functionality in the `adafruit_display_text` library. The MagTag device has an older version of the library without the necessary features frozen in to its firmware. In order for the project to work you must place the `adafruit_display_text` folder in the root of CIRCUITPY instead of inside of the `lib/` folder like normal.

![eInk literature clock project required files and libraries screenshot](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/141/907/medium800/wireless_required_files_display_text_root.png?1768584081 )

# eInk Literature Quotes Clock for MagTag

## Code Explanation

## WiFi & NTP Time

The WiFi SSID and password are looked up from the  **settings.toml** file using `os.getenv()`and a connection is made to the specified network. Once connected, the `adafruit_ntp` module is used to get the current time from an NTP server. The current time is set onto `rtc.RTC().datetime` so that the internal real-time clock (RTC) will continue to track the time moving forward.

## Displayio Elements
![Adafruit MagTag showing the quote for 10:50 from This Was a Man by Jeffrey Archer](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/141/589/medium800/circuitpython_eink_lit_clock_other_img.png?1765386390 )

The graphics are comprised of 3 main elements:

- A **white background** rendered behind all of the text. The background `Bitmap` is 1/8 the size of the display and the `TileGrid` for it is put into a `Group` that has been scaled to 8x. This allows it to consume less RAM but still cover the full display.
- The **main quote label** at the top of the display. This is a `BitmapLabel` that makes use of accented ranges within the text to outline the section that contains the reference to the current time. The quote is wrapped to lines that are the width of the display before being shown.
- The **book info label** at the bottom of the display. Another `BitmapLabel`, this one at the bottom of the display shows the book title and author for the current quote. This one will get wrapped to two lines if the title and author are long enough and the current quote is short enough to provide the room for it.

## Helper Functions

There are two helper functions inside of **code.py** : `which_line_contains()` and `find_lines_to_show()`. 

`which_line_contains()` accepts a list of `all_lines` to search through, and an `important_passage` string that contains a value to search for. It will search the provided lines for the specified string and return the index of the line where the string begins. If the string isn't found at all, it will return `None`. This is used to find where within the full quote the section that references the current time is at.

`find_lines_to_show()` also accepts a list of `all_lines` and an `important_passage`. This function finds up to 7 lines surrounding the current time reference that provide the largest context. Some of the quotes are longer than 7 lines, which is all the room available on the MagTag display. This chooses the lines to show in the event that the quote is too long, ensuring that it will always select the line(s) that contain the current time reference and as much surrounding them as is possible.

## Quote Data

The data files which contain the quotes are zipped **.csv** files. They are separated by the pipe character `|` instead of commas. That makes it easier to deal with potential commas that could be found in the quotes themselves. There is one zipped file for each hour of the day. They are named with the number of their hour e.g.  **0.csv.zip** , **1.csv.zip** , ..., **23.csv.zip**. After being unzipped the files contain 1 quote per row. The rows look like this:

```auto
00:00|Midnight|She looked at the digital display of her watch. 00:00:00 Midnight, as the clock had told her. She waited for the next second to arrive, but it didn't.|The Midnight Library|Matt Haig|unknown
```

The pipes split the row into these different data fields:

- Time of day in 24 hour notation i.e. 00:00 or 15:42.
- The sub-string within the quote that refers to the current time. Some times it's a word or phrase, other times it's a literal time string like "10:27 a.m.".
- The full quote.
- The title of the book that the quote comes from.
- The author of the book.
- Whether the quote contains non kid-friendly references, though many of them are "unknown", so this portion of the data is incomplete.

## Main Loop

During each iteration of the main loop, the code will check the current time from the RTC and break out the current hour and minute components. It will use the hour component to select the correct data zip file, then open the file read its contents and decompress them using the `zlib` module. Next, it searches through the list of quotes in the data to find the ones that refer to the current time, building a list of `options` containing quotes to choose from. A list of `alternates` containing the quotes for the previous minutes is also compiled because there are a few minutes out of the day with no quote. When those occur, the clock will show a quote from the previous minute instead. A random quote is selected from the compiled lists.

The data from the selected quote is parsed out of the CSV format and each of the relevant bits is stored in a separate variable: `quote`, `author`, `title`, `time_part`. Using the helper functions mentioned above, the quote is wrapped into multiple lines that fit on the display and the lines to show are selected. The start and end index of the current time reference are calculated and stored in `time_start_index` and `time_end_index`. Finally, the selected lines are put into the quote label, and an accent range is added to the portion that refers to the current time. The accent uses a 1 pixel dark outline around light text for contrast from the standard dark text color used by the rest of the quote. The author and title are placed into the book info label. After refreshing the display, the code waits for 60 seconds and then does it all over again.

# eInk Literature Quotes Clock for MagTag

## Use

![MagTag showing the quote for 10:49 from Syndrome by Thomas Hoover](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/141/590/medium800/circuitpython_eink_lit_clock_guide_img.png?1765386489 )

## Configure Timezone

Near the top of the **code.py** file you'll find these lines for the timezone offset:

```python
# Set the current offset for your timezone
TZ_OFFSET_FROM_UTC = -6
```

Update the variable with the offset from UTC for your time zone. Keep in mind that many timezones observe daylight savings time which changes their offset from UTC when daylight savings change occurs. For example the US central timezone fluctuates between `-6` and `-5` from UTC depending on the time of year. You will need to change this value manually, it will not account for DST automatically.

## MagTag Power

This project does not aim to be low power. It is best to run the clock connected to a permanent power source rather than trying to run it off a battery. If you wanted to experiment with a lower powered battery version, you could try changing it to update only every 5 minutes or so, and to use deep sleep in between updates. 


## Guide Products

### Adafruit MagTag - 2.9" Grayscale E-Ink WiFi Display

[Adafruit MagTag - 2.9" Grayscale E-Ink WiFi Display](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4800)
The Adafruit MagTag combines the ESP32-S2 wireless module and a 2.9" grayscale E-Ink display to make a low-power IoT display that can show data on its screen even when power is removed! The ESP32-S2 is great because it builds on the years of code and support for the ESP32 and also adds...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4800)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4800/guides)
### Mini Magnet Feet for RGB LED Matrices (Pack of 4)

[Mini Magnet Feet for RGB LED Matrices (Pack of 4)](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4631)
Got a glorious RGB Matrix project you want to mount and display in your workspace or home? If you have one of the matrix panels listed below, you'll need a pack of these **Mini-Magnet Feet.**  We got these specifically for our RGB LED Matrices, which no longer...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4631)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4631/guides)
### USB Type A to Type C Cable - approx 1 meter / 3 ft long

[USB Type A to Type C Cable - approx 1 meter / 3 ft long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4474)
As technology changes and adapts, so does Adafruit. This   **USB Type A to Type C** cable will help you with the transition to USB C, even if you're still totin' around a USB Type A hub, computer or laptop.

USB C is the latest industry-standard connector for...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4474)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4474/guides)

## Related Guides

- [Adafruit MagTag](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-magtag.md)
- [No-Code, No-Solder Monitoring For Perfect Bread](https://learn.adafruit.com/no-code-no-solder-temperature-monitoring-with-wippersnapper-offline.md)
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- [Espresso Water Tank Meter](https://learn.adafruit.com/espresso-water-tank-meter.md)
- [FunHouse Motion Detecting Lights with LIFX Bulbs](https://learn.adafruit.com/funhouse-motion-detecting-lighting-for-lifx-bulbs.md)
- [MagTag Progress Displays](https://learn.adafruit.com/magtag-progress-displays.md)
- [Clue And MagTag Pep Talk Generator](https://learn.adafruit.com/clue-and-magtag-pep-talk-generator.md)
- [Pet Bowl Water Level Sensing](https://learn.adafruit.com/pet-bowl-water-level-sensing-with-the-funhouse-and-home-assistant.md)
- [MIDI Breath Controller](https://learn.adafruit.com/midi-breath-controller.md)
- [USB Game Controller with SNES-like Layout](https://learn.adafruit.com/usb-game-controller-with-snes-like-layout.md)
- [IBM PC Keyboard to USB HID with CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/ibm-pc-keyboard-to-usb-hid-with-circuitpython.md)
- [LED Bubble Hair Extensions with Motion Controlled Effects](https://learn.adafruit.com/led-bubble-hair-extensions-with-motion-controlled-effects.md)
- [MagTag Weekly Showtimes Event Notifier](https://learn.adafruit.com/magtag-weekly-event-showtimes-display.md)
- [Set up Web Workflow on the Adafruit MEMENTO](https://learn.adafruit.com/set-up-web-workflow-on-the-adafruit-memento.md)
- [MEMENTO Focus Stacking](https://learn.adafruit.com/memento-focus-stacking.md)
- [RP2040 RunCPM Emulator with USB Keyboard & HDMI screen](https://learn.adafruit.com/rp2040-runcpm-emulator-with-usb-keyboard-hdmi-screen.md)