Forum members heypete and jh421797 have implemented the NIST K-type thermocouple equations for the Max31855 thermocouple amplifier.
The code is posted below:
You can check out the original forum thread here:
// corrected temperature reading for a K-type thermocouple
// allowing accurate readings over an extended range
// http://forums.adafruit.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=32086&p=372992#p372992
// assuming global: Adafruit_MAX31855 thermocouple(CLK, CS, DO);
float correctedCelsius(){
// MAX31855 thermocouple voltage reading in mV
float thermocoupleVoltage = (thermocouple.readCelsius() - thermocouple.readInternal()) * 0.041276;
// MAX31855 cold junction voltage reading in mV
float coldJunctionTemperature = thermocouple.readInternal();
float coldJunctionVoltage = -0.176004136860E-01 +
0.389212049750E-01 * coldJunctionTemperature +
0.185587700320E-04 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 2.0) +
-0.994575928740E-07 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 3.0) +
0.318409457190E-09 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 4.0) +
-0.560728448890E-12 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 5.0) +
0.560750590590E-15 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 6.0) +
-0.320207200030E-18 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 7.0) +
0.971511471520E-22 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 8.0) +
-0.121047212750E-25 * pow(coldJunctionTemperature, 9.0) +
0.118597600000E+00 * exp(-0.118343200000E-03 *
pow((coldJunctionTemperature-0.126968600000E+03), 2.0)
);
// cold junction voltage + thermocouple voltage
float voltageSum = thermocoupleVoltage + coldJunctionVoltage;
// calculate corrected temperature reading based on coefficients for 3 different ranges
float b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10;
if(thermocoupleVoltage < 0){
b0 = 0.0000000E+00;
b1 = 2.5173462E+01;
b2 = -1.1662878E+00;
b3 = -1.0833638E+00;
b4 = -8.9773540E-01;
b5 = -3.7342377E-01;
b6 = -8.6632643E-02;
b7 = -1.0450598E-02;
b8 = -5.1920577E-04;
b9 = 0.0000000E+00;
}
else if(thermocoupleVoltage < 20.644){
b0 = 0.000000E+00;
b1 = 2.508355E+01;
b2 = 7.860106E-02;
b3 = -2.503131E-01;
b4 = 8.315270E-02;
b5 = -1.228034E-02;
b6 = 9.804036E-04;
b7 = -4.413030E-05;
b8 = 1.057734E-06;
b9 = -1.052755E-08;
}
else if(thermocoupleVoltage < 54.886){
b0 = -1.318058E+02;
b1 = 4.830222E+01;
b2 = -1.646031E+00;
b3 = 5.464731E-02;
b4 = -9.650715E-04;
b5 = 8.802193E-06;
b6 = -3.110810E-08;
b7 = 0.000000E+00;
b8 = 0.000000E+00;
b9 = 0.000000E+00;
}
else {
// TODO: handle error - out of range
return 0;
}
return b0 +
b1 * voltageSum +
b2 * pow(voltageSum, 2.0) +
b3 * pow(voltageSum, 3.0) +
b4 * pow(voltageSum, 4.0) +
b5 * pow(voltageSum, 5.0) +
b6 * pow(voltageSum, 6.0) +
b7 * pow(voltageSum, 7.0) +
b8 * pow(voltageSum, 8.0) +
b9 * pow(voltageSum, 9.0);
}
#include <SPI.h>
#include "Adafruit_MAX31855.h"
#define DO 12
#define CS 11
#define CLK 10
Adafruit_MAX31855 thermocouple(CLK, CS, DO);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("MAX31855 test");
// wait for MAX chip to stabilize
delay(500);
}
void loop() {
// Initialize variables.
int i = 0; // Counter for arrays
double internalTemp = thermocouple.readInternal(); // Read the internal temperature of the MAX31855.
double rawTemp = thermocouple.readCelsius(); // Read the temperature of the thermocouple. This temp is compensated for cold junction temperature.
double thermocoupleVoltage= 0;
double internalVoltage = 0;
double correctedTemp = 0;
// Check to make sure thermocouple is working correctly.
if (isnan(rawTemp)) {
Serial.println("Something wrong with thermocouple!");
}
else {
// Steps 1 & 2. Subtract cold junction temperature from the raw thermocouple temperature.
thermocoupleVoltage = (rawTemp - internalTemp)*0.041276; // C * mv/C = mV
// Step 3. Calculate the cold junction equivalent thermocouple voltage.
if (internalTemp >= 0) { // For positive temperatures use appropriate NIST coefficients
// Coefficients and equations available from http://srdata.nist.gov/its90/download/type_k.tab
double c[] = {-0.176004136860E-01, 0.389212049750E-01, 0.185587700320E-04, -0.994575928740E-07, 0.318409457190E-09, -0.560728448890E-12, 0.560750590590E-15, -0.320207200030E-18, 0.971511471520E-22, -0.121047212750E-25};
// Count the the number of coefficients. There are 10 coefficients for positive temperatures (plus three exponential coefficients),
// but there are 11 coefficients for negative temperatures.
int cLength = sizeof(c) / sizeof(c[0]);
// Exponential coefficients. Only used for positive temperatures.
double a0 = 0.118597600000E+00;
double a1 = -0.118343200000E-03;
double a2 = 0.126968600000E+03;
// From NIST: E = sum(i=0 to n) c_i t^i + a0 exp(a1 (t - a2)^2), where E is the thermocouple voltage in mV and t is the temperature in degrees C.
// In this case, E is the cold junction equivalent thermocouple voltage.
// Alternative form: C0 + C1*internalTemp + C2*internalTemp^2 + C3*internalTemp^3 + ... + C10*internaltemp^10 + A0*e^(A1*(internalTemp - A2)^2)
// This loop sums up the c_i t^i components.
for (i = 0; i < cLength; i++) {
internalVoltage += c[i] * pow(internalTemp, i);
}
// This section adds the a0 exp(a1 (t - a2)^2) components.
internalVoltage += a0 * exp(a1 * pow((internalTemp - a2), 2));
}
else if (internalTemp < 0) { // for negative temperatures
double c[] = {0.000000000000E+00, 0.394501280250E-01, 0.236223735980E-04, -0.328589067840E-06, -0.499048287770E-08, -0.675090591730E-10, -0.574103274280E-12, -0.310888728940E-14, -0.104516093650E-16, -0.198892668780E-19, -0.163226974860E-22};
// Count the number of coefficients.
int cLength = sizeof(c) / sizeof(c[0]);
// Below 0 degrees Celsius, the NIST formula is simpler and has no exponential components: E = sum(i=0 to n) c_i t^i
for (i = 0; i < cLength; i++) {
internalVoltage += c[i] * pow(internalTemp, i) ;
}
}
// Step 4. Add the cold junction equivalent thermocouple voltage calculated in step 3 to the thermocouple voltage calculated in step 2.
double totalVoltage = thermocoupleVoltage + internalVoltage;
// Step 5. Use the result of step 4 and the NIST voltage-to-temperature (inverse) coefficients to calculate the cold junction compensated, linearized temperature value.
// The equation is in the form correctedTemp = d_0 + d_1*E + d_2*E^2 + ... + d_n*E^n, where E is the totalVoltage in mV and correctedTemp is in degrees C.
// NIST uses different coefficients for different temperature subranges: (-200 to 0C), (0 to 500C) and (500 to 1372C).
if (totalVoltage < 0) { // Temperature is between -200 and 0C.
double d[] = {0.0000000E+00, 2.5173462E+01, -1.1662878E+00, -1.0833638E+00, -8.9773540E-01, -3.7342377E-01, -8.6632643E-02, -1.0450598E-02, -5.1920577E-04, 0.0000000E+00};
int dLength = sizeof(d) / sizeof(d[0]);
for (i = 0; i < dLength; i++) {
correctedTemp += d[i] * pow(totalVoltage, i);
}
}
else if (totalVoltage < 20.644) { // Temperature is between 0C and 500C.
double d[] = {0.000000E+00, 2.508355E+01, 7.860106E-02, -2.503131E-01, 8.315270E-02, -1.228034E-02, 9.804036E-04, -4.413030E-05, 1.057734E-06, -1.052755E-08};
int dLength = sizeof(d) / sizeof(d[0]);
for (i = 0; i < dLength; i++) {
correctedTemp += d[i] * pow(totalVoltage, i);
}
}
else if (totalVoltage < 54.886 ) { // Temperature is between 500C and 1372C.
double d[] = {-1.318058E+02, 4.830222E+01, -1.646031E+00, 5.464731E-02, -9.650715E-04, 8.802193E-06, -3.110810E-08, 0.000000E+00, 0.000000E+00, 0.000000E+00};
int dLength = sizeof(d) / sizeof(d[0]);
for (i = 0; i < dLength; i++) {
correctedTemp += d[i] * pow(totalVoltage, i);
}
} else { // NIST only has data for K-type thermocouples from -200C to +1372C. If the temperature is not in that range, set temp to impossible value.
// Error handling should be improved.
Serial.print("Temperature is out of range. This should never happen.");
correctedTemp = NAN;
}
Serial.print("Corrected Temp = ");
Serial.println(correctedTemp, 5);
Serial.println("");
}
delay(1000);
}
Page last edited March 08, 2024
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