If you are new to CircuitPython, see Welcome to CircuitPython!
Adafruit suggests using the Mu editor to edit your code and have an interactive REPL in CircuitPython. You can learn about Mu and its installation in this tutorial.
The code should also work on any CircuitPython compatible board using an on-board or separate SPI bus connected Bluefruit friend board.
Installing CircuitPython on Feather M0 Bluefruit LE
For this project, the Feather M0 Adalogger variant of the firmware must be used as it defines board.D8 which is used by the code.
The non-express Feather M0 boards did not originally ship with the UF2 bootloader. If CIRCUITPY drive disappears but no FEATHERBOOT appears when reset is double-clicked:
- then check CircuitPython Troubleshooting first and if FEATHERBOOT is still missing then use CircuitPython Non-UF2 Installation,
- else use Installing CircuitPython (UF2).
Ensure you have the CIRCUITPY drive appear when you plug your Feather into your computer via a known good USB cable. The version of CircuitPython you are running can be seen either in the Mu editor Serial/REPL or by the text in the file boot_out.txt on the CIRCUITPY drive.
Libraries
Download the latest set of libraries for CircuitPython to match the version of CircuitPython you are running. There is one library package for CircuitPython 3.x, 4.x, and so on. Click the box below and download the library bundle to your computer.
Two libraries are needed for the code. Open the library Zip file and copy the following files onto the Feather CIRCUITPY drive in a directory called /lib
- adafruit_bus_device
- adafruit_bluefruitspi
See the CircuitPython Libraries guide for additional details on how to add libraries.
Code
Adafruit recommends copying this file to the board using the target filename code.py on the Feather M0 Bluefruit LE.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 John Edgar Park for Adafruit Industries
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
import time
import board
import busio
from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction
from adafruit_bluefruitspi import BluefruitSPI
# Setup SPI bus and 3 control pins for Nordic nRF51822 based Raytec MDBT40
spi_bus = busio.SPI(board.SCK, MOSI=board.MOSI, MISO=board.MISO)
cs = DigitalInOut(board.D8)
irq = DigitalInOut(board.D7)
rst = DigitalInOut(board.D4)
bluefruit = BluefruitSPI(spi_bus, cs, irq, rst, debug=False)
boardled = DigitalInOut(board.D6)
#boardled = DigitalInOut(board.D13) # small onboard red LED
boardled.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
def vllchksum(n):
return 7-((n+(n>>2)+(n>>4))&7)
# Lego Micro Scout commands
MS_FWD = 0
MS_REV = 1
MS_STOP = 2
MS_BEEP = 4
PAUSE = 0.15
ADVERT_NAME = b'BlueMicroScout'
# Note: incompatibile with ZX Spectrum cursors
BUTTON_1 = 1
BUTTON_2 = 2
BUTTON_3 = 3
BUTTON_4 = 4
BUTTON_UP = 5
BUTTON_DOWN = 6
BUTTON_LEFT = 7
BUTTON_RIGHT = 8
# From https://github.com/JorgePe/mindstorms-vll/blob/master/vll-atat.py
# https://github.com/JorgePe/mindstorms-vll
def vll1():
boardled.value = True
time.sleep(0.02)
boardled.value = False
time.sleep(0.04)
def vll0():
boardled.value = True
time.sleep(0.04)
boardled.value = False
time.sleep(0.02)
def vllinit():
boardled.value = True
time.sleep(0.4)
def vllstart():
boardled.value = False
time.sleep(0.02)
def vllstop():
boardled.value = True
time.sleep(0.02)
boardled.value = False
time.sleep(0.06)
boardled.value = True
time.sleep(0.12)
def send(command):
vllstart()
v = (vllchksum(command) << 7 ) + command
i = 0x200
while i>0 :
if v & i:
vll1()
else:
vll0()
i = i >> 1
vllstop()
def pause():
boardled.value = True
time.sleep(PAUSE)
boardled.value = False
vllinit()
def init_bluefruit():
# Initialize the device and perform a factory reset
print("Initializing the Bluefruit LE SPI Friend module")
bluefruit.init()
bluefruit.command_check_OK(b'AT+FACTORYRESET', delay=1)
# Print the response to 'ATI' (info request) as a string
print(str(bluefruit.command_check_OK(b'ATI'), 'utf-8'))
# Change advertised name
bluefruit.command_check_OK(b'AT+GAPDEVNAME='+ADVERT_NAME)
def wait_for_connection():
print("Waiting for a connection to Bluefruit LE Connect ...")
# Wait for a connection ...
dotcount = 0
while not bluefruit.connected:
print(".", end="")
dotcount = (dotcount + 1) % 80
if dotcount == 79:
print("")
time.sleep(0.5)
# This code will check the connection but only query the module if it has been
# at least 'n_sec' seconds. Otherwise it 'caches' the response, to keep from
# hogging the Bluefruit connection with constant queries
connection_timestamp = None
is_connected = None
def check_connection(n_sec):
# pylint: disable=global-statement
global connection_timestamp, is_connected
if (not connection_timestamp) or (time.monotonic() - connection_timestamp > n_sec):
connection_timestamp = time.monotonic()
is_connected = bluefruit.connected
return is_connected
# Borrowed from MUNNY code
# Unlike most circuitpython code, this runs in two loops
# one outer loop manages reconnecting bluetooth if we lose connection
# then one inner loop for doing what we want when connected!
while True:
# Initialize the module
init_bluefruit()
try: # Wireless connections can have corrupt data or other runtime failures
# This try block will reset the module if that happens
while True:
# Once connected, check for incoming BLE UART data
if check_connection(3): # Check our connection status every 3 seconds
# OK we're still connected, see if we have any data waiting
resp = bluefruit.read_packet()
if not resp:
continue # nothin'
print("Read packet", resp)
# Look for a 'B' for Button packet
if resp[0] != 'B':
continue
button_num = resp[1]
button_down = resp[2]
# For now only look for the down events
if button_down:
if button_num == BUTTON_UP:
send(MS_FWD)
elif button_num == BUTTON_DOWN:
send(MS_REV)
elif button_num == BUTTON_1:
send(MS_BEEP)
else:
# some other key pressed
pass
else: # Not connected
pass
except RuntimeError as e:
print(e) # Print what happened
continue # retry!
This code makes use of Jorge Pereira's VLL python code.
This code has been tested on a Feather M0 Bluefruit LE running CircuitPython 3.1.1.
