# Bluetooth LE Sensor Nodes to Raspberry Pi WiFi Bridge
## Overview
https://youtu.be/qi4wK-TvE9g
Use sensor-packed Bluefruit boards and a Raspberry Pi to build a network of sensors that send data to Adafruit IO!
This project takes advantage of CircuitPython running on the [Feather Bluefruit Sense](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4516) and [CLUE boards](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4500) ([any nRF52840 Adafruit board will work](https://www.adafruit.com/?q=nrf52840)) and Python running on the Raspberry Pi.
**The Pi receives advertised BLE sensor data from the Feather and CLUE and then sends that data over WiFi or Ethernet to your Adafruit IO feed.**
Its a super easy way to make a wireless sensor node, using the built in wireless/networking capabilities of the Raspberry Pi!
## Parts
You can use any of the Adafruit nRF52840 boards and sensors you like. We'll show how it works with the Feather Sense and CLUE boards, since they pack so many sensors right on board.
### Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Sense
[Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Sense](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4516)
The **Adafruit Feather Bluefruit Sense** takes our popular [Feather nRF52840 Express](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4062) and adds a smorgasbord of sensors to make a great wireless sensor platform. This Feather microcontroller comes with Bluetooth® Low Energy and...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4516)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4516/guides)
### Adafruit CLUE - nRF52840 Express with Bluetooth® LE
[Adafruit CLUE - nRF52840 Express with Bluetooth® LE](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4500)
Do you feel like you just don't have a CLUE? Well, we can help with that - get a CLUE here at Adafruit by picking up this sensor-packed development board. We wanted to build some projects that have a small screen and a lot of sensors. To make it compatible with existing projects, we made...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4500)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4500/guides)
### Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
[Raspberry Pi 4 Model B](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4297)
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 4 better than the 3? How about a _faster_ processor, USB 3.0 ports, and updated Gigabit Ethernet chip with...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4297)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4297/guides)
### Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1V 3A with USB C
[Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1V 3A with USB C](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
The official Raspberry Pi USB-C power supply is here! And of course, we have 'em in classic Adafruit black! Superfast with just the right amount of cable length to get your Pi 4 projects up and running!
Best for use with Pi 4 series, [Pi...](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5814)
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4298/guides)
### Raspberry Pi 3 - Model B+ - 1.4GHz Cortex-A53 with 1GB RAM
[Raspberry Pi 3 - Model B+ - 1.4GHz Cortex-A53 with 1GB RAM](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3775)
The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is the most popular Raspberry Pi computer made, and the Pi Foundation knows you can always make a good thing _better_! And what could make the Pi 3 better? How about a _faster_ processor, 5 GHz WiFi, and updated Ethernet chip with PoE capability?...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3775)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3775/guides)
### USB cable - USB A to Micro-B
[USB cable - USB A to Micro-B](https://www.adafruit.com/product/592)
This here is your standard A to micro-B USB cable, for USB 1.1 or 2.0. Perfect for connecting a PC to your Metro, Feather, Raspberry Pi or other dev-board or microcontroller
Approximately 3 feet / 1 meter long
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/592)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/592/guides)
### Raspberry Pi Zero W Basic Pack - Includes Pi Zero W
[Raspberry Pi Zero W Basic Pack - Includes Pi Zero W](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3409)
Remember those cereal commercials that would always say, "part of a complete breakfast"? Well the Pi Zero's a lot like that bowl of cereal - while it's great on its own, you need a lot of accessories to make it a complete meal.
The **Pi Zero W...**
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3409)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3409/guides)
## Optional Parts
If you want to use, say, a Feather nRF52840 plus some plug-in STEMMA QT breakouts, here are some great options:
### Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Express
[Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Express](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4062)
The **Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Express** is the new Feather family member with Bluetooth® Low Energy and _native USB support_ featuring the nRF52840! It's our take on an 'all-in-one' Arduino-compatible + Bluetooth® Low Energy with built-in USB...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4062)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4062/guides)
### SparkFun Qwiic / Stemma QT FeatherWing (Shield for Thing Plus)
[SparkFun Qwiic / Stemma QT FeatherWing (Shield for Thing Plus)](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4515)
The **SparkFun Qwiic FeatherWing (Shield for Thing Plus**) provides an easy-to-assemble way to add the [**STEMMA QT**](https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-adafruit-stemma-qt) / [Qwiic](https://www.sparkfun.com/qwiic) connect ecosystem to...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4515)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4515/guides)
### STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable - 100mm Long
[STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable - 100mm Long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4210)
This 4-wire cable is a little over 100mm / 4" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST-PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but still have a nice latching feel, while being easy to insert and remove.
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4210)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4210/guides)
### STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-Pin Cable - 50mm Long
[STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-Pin Cable - 50mm Long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4399)
This 4-wire cable is 50mm / 1.9" long and fitted with JST SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but still have a nice latching feel, while being easy to insert and remove.
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4399)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4399/guides)
### Adafruit DPS310 Precision Barometric Pressure / Altitude Sensor
[Adafruit DPS310 Precision Barometric Pressure / Altitude Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4494)
How high are you right now? If you had a precision altitude sensor, you would know for sure! The DPS310 sensor from Infineon a high-precision barometric sensor, perfect for measuring altitude changes with a up to ±0.002 hPa (or ±0.02 m) precision high precision mode and ±...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4494)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4494/guides)
### Adafruit PCT2075 Temperature Sensor - STEMMA QT / Qwiic
[Adafruit PCT2075 Temperature Sensor - STEMMA QT / Qwiic](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4369)
The **Adafruit PCT2075 Temperature Sensor** is a 'code compatible' drop-in replacement for a very common I2C temperature sensor, the LM75. Compared to the LM75, however, the 11-bit ADC in the PCT2075 provides...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4369)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4369/guides)
### Adafruit VCNL4040 Proximity and Lux Sensor - STEMMA QT / Qwiic
[Adafruit VCNL4040 Proximity and Lux Sensor - STEMMA QT / Qwiic](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4161)
The VCNL4040 is a handy two-in-one sensor, with a proximity sensor that works from **0 to 200mm** (about 7.5 inches) and light sensor with range of **0.0125 to 6553 lux**.
We've all been there. That thing is _close_ but _how close?_...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4161)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4161/guides)
### Adafruit APDS9960 Proximity, Light, RGB, and Gesture Sensor
[Adafruit APDS9960 Proximity, Light, RGB, and Gesture Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3595)
This breakout is chock full o' sensors! Add basic gesture sensing, RGB color sensing, proximity sensing, or ambient light sensing to your project with the **Adafruit APDS9960 Proximity, Light, RGB, and Gesture Sensor**. When connected to your microcontroller (running our...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3595)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3595/guides)
### Adafruit BMP280 I2C or SPI Barometric Pressure & Altitude Sensor
[Adafruit BMP280 I2C or SPI Barometric Pressure & Altitude Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2651)
Bosch has stepped up their game with their new BMP280 sensor, an environmental sensor with temperature, barometric pressure that is the next generation upgrade to the BMP085/BMP180/BMP183. This sensor is great for all sorts of weather sensing and can even be used in both I2C and...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2651)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2651/guides)
### Adafruit BME280 I2C or SPI Temperature Humidity Pressure Sensor
[Adafruit BME280 I2C or SPI Temperature Humidity Pressure Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2652)
Bosch has stepped up their game with their new BME280 sensor, an environmental sensor with temperature, barometric pressure and humidity! This sensor is great for all sorts of indoor environmental sensing and can even be used in both I2C and SPI!
This precision sensor from...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2652)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2652/guides)
# Bluetooth LE Sensor Nodes to Raspberry Pi WiFi Bridge
## Prepare the CLUE
We'll set up the CLUE board to act as a sensor for the BroadcastNet.
First, set up CircuitPython on the CLUE following the [instructions on this page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-clue/circuitpython).
## Libraries
Next, install the libraries needed. [This guide page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-clue/clue-circuitpython-libraries) will show you where to download them.
You'll need the following libraries for this project:
- adafruit\_apds9960
- adafruit\_ble
- adafruit\_ble\_broadcastnet
- adafruit\_bmp280.mpy
- adafruit\_bus\_device
- adafruit\_clue.mpy
- adafruit\_register
- adafruit\_lis3mdl.mpy
- adafruit\_lsm6ds
- adafruit\_sht31d.mpy
- neopixel.mpy
## Text Editor
Adafruit recommends using the Mu editor for using your CircuitPython code with the CLUE board. You can get more info in [this guide](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/installing-mu-editor).
Alternatively, you can use any text editor that saves files.
## Code.py
Copy the code shown below, paste it into Mu. Save the code from Mu to the CLUE's **CIRCUITPY** drive as **code.py**
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/BLE_Sensornet/clue_sensornet/code.py
## How It Works
When this code runs on the CLUE board, it'll first import the `time`, `clue`, and `adafruit_ble_broadcastnet` libraries.
Then, it will print the unique ID for the board based on the board's BLE adapter's MAC address. This address will be used when messages are sent so there won't be any clashes when multiple microcontroller boards are in range of the BroadcastNet base station.
Danger:
```python
import time
from adafruit_clue import clue
import adafruit_ble_broadcastnet
print("This is BroadcastNet CLUE sensor:", adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.device_address)
```
## Measurements
Next, we will have the main loop of the program. In it, the board sends out an advertisement to alert the base station central device that it is there.
Next we collect the different sensor readings such as `measurement.temperature = clue.temperature`
We then print the combined measurement to the screen and broadcast it.
Finally, the code will sleep for a certain amount of time. Depending on your needs this can be as frequent as every two seconds if sending a single data point to Adafruit IO **\*** (or every one second to AIO+) to many minutes or hours between sensor measurement broadcasts. In this case, it is pausing for 60 seconds between broadcasts.
**\*The data limit on Adafruit IO is 30 data points per minute and 60/min on Adafruit IO+)**
Warning:
```python
while True:
measurement = adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.AdafruitSensorMeasurement()
measurement.temperature = clue.temperature
measurement.pressure = clue.pressure
measurement.relative_humidity = clue.humidity
measurement.acceleration = clue.acceleration
measurement.magnetic = clue.magnetic
print(measurement)
adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.broadcast(measurement)
time.sleep(60)
```
Once we set up the Raspberry Pi to act as a Broadcastnet base station, the CLUE sensor data will be able to make its way all the way to Adafruit IO!
# Bluetooth LE Sensor Nodes to Raspberry Pi WiFi Bridge
## Prepare the Feather Sense
We'll set up the Feather Sense board to act as a sensor for the BroadcastNet.
First, set up CircuitPython on the Feather Sense following the [instructions on this page](https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-the-adafruit-nrf52840-feather/circuitpython). NOTE: This board is so new, the instructions are actually for the regular nRF52840 Feather, so when you go to the CircuitPython.org download page, be sure to use the[download for the Sense board](https://circuitpython.org/board/feather_bluefruit_sense/) instead!
## Libraries
Next, install the libraries needed. [This guide page](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/circuitpython-libraries) will show you where to download them.
You'll need the following libraries for this project:
- adafruit\_apds9960
- adafruit\_ble
- adafruit\_ble\_broadcastnet
- adafruit\_bmp280
- adafruit\_bus\_device
- adafruit\_register
- adafruit\_lis3mdl
- adafruit\_lsm6ds
- adafruit\_sht31d
- neopixel.mpy
## Text Editor
Adafruit recommends using the Mu editor for using your CircuitPython code with the Feather Sense board. You can get more info in [this guide](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/installing-mu-editor).
Alternatively, you can use any text editor that saves files.
## Code.py
Copy the code shown below, paste it into Mu. Save the code from Mu to the Feather's **CIRCUITPY** drive as **code.py**
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/BLE_Sensornet/feather_sense_sensornet/code.py
## How It Works
When this code runs on the Feather Sense board, it'll first import the `time`, `board`, and `adafruit_ble_broadcastnet` libraries, along with the library for each sensor in the board that we're using.
Next, I2C is instantiated on the board for communications with the sensors.
We create an object (with a nice name!) for each sensor as well, and instruct them to use I2C.
Then, it will print the unique ID for the board based on the board's BLE adapter MAC address. This address will be used when messages are sent, so there won't be any clashes when multiple microcontroller boards are in range of the BroadcastNet base station.
Danger:
```python
import time
import adafruit_ble_broadcastnet
import board
import adafruit_lsm6ds # accelerometer
import adafruit_sht31d # humidity sensor
import adafruit_bmp280 # barometric sensor
import adafruit_lis3mdl # magnetic sensor
i2c = board.I2C()
sense_accel = adafruit_lsm6ds.LSM6DS33(i2c)
sense_humid = adafruit_sht31d.SHT31D(i2c)
sense_barometric = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_I2C(i2c)
sense_magnet = adafruit_lis3mdl.LIS3MDL(i2c)
print("This is BroadcastNet Feather Sense sensor:", adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.device_address)
```
## Measurements
Next, we will have the main loop of the program. In it, the board sends out an advertisement to alert the base station central device that it is there.
Next we collect the different sensor readings such as `measurement.temperature = sense_barometric.temperature` (we're using the temperature sensor that is built onto the barometric pressure sensor package).
We then broadcast the combined measurement over BLE.
Finally, the code will sleep for a certain amount of time. Depending on your needs, this can be as frequent as every two seconds, if sending a single data point to Adafruit IO **\*** (or every one second to AIO+) to many minutes or hours between sensor measurement broadcasts. In this case, it is pausing for 60 seconds between broadcasts.
**\*The data limit on Adafruit IO is 30 data points per minute and 60/min on Adafruit IO+)**
```python
measurement = adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.AdafruitSensorMeasurement()
measurement.temperature = sense_barometric.temperature
measurement.pressure = sense_barometric.pressure
measurement.relative_humidity = sense_humid.relative_humidity
measurement.acceleration = sense_accel.acceleration
measurement.magnetic = sense_magnet.magnetic
# print(measurement)
adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.broadcast(measurement)
time.sleep(60)
```
Once we set up the Raspberry Pi to act as a BroadcastNet base station, the CLUE sensor data will be able to make its way all the way to Adafruit IO!
## Other Boards
If you choose to use a different Adafruit nRF52840 board and external sensors, the setup will be very nearly the same. Check the guide for the board and sensors for the particulars.
# Bluetooth LE Sensor Nodes to Raspberry Pi WiFi Bridge
## Raspberry Pi Quick Setup
This quick-start guide will get you ready to connect and run all sorts of Adafruit projects on your Raspberry Pi computer
You will need:
- [A modern Raspberry Pi computer](https://www.adafruit.com/category/105), we recommend the 'full' size Pi 3 B+ and later, that come with Ethernet and WiFi built in
- Matching power supply ([USB C type for Pi 4 and later](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4298), or [Micro USB type for Pi 3 B+, Pi Zeros](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1995) or earlier)
- [8 GB or larger micro SD card](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4266) and USB reader/writer
## SD Card Prep
First we need to perform the basic set up the Raspberry Pi. These are the first steps:
- download the latest Raspbian desktop operating system
- burn the OS to an SD card
- enable SSH
- add WiFi settings and credentials
For details on doing these things, [follow the first four pages of this guide](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-zero-creation/install-os-on-to-sd-card) to get your Pi setup with **Raspbian Lite** (for 'headless' or remote operation) or **NooBs** (for graphical / desktop use), WiFi, and ssh enabled.
Once the SD card is prepared, come back here so we can continue.
## Power to the Pi
Safely eject the SD card from your main computer. Then, with the Pi unplugged from power, insert the SD card into the Pi's SD card slot.
Then, plug in the power to the Pi. You should see some LEDs light up.
From here forward, we'll be connecting to the Pi remotely from our main computer. Make sure your computer is on the same WiFi network as the Pi.
## Ping
After a minute or two, you can try and ping the Pi to see if it has connected to your network. Open a terminal on your computer, such as Terminal.app on a mac (Windows users will require some additional setup. [Read here](https://learn.adafruit.com/bonjour-zeroconf-networking-for-windows-and-linux/#microsoft-windows)), and type this and press return:
`ping -c 3 raspberrypi.local`
You should see an output similar to this:
```python
jep@machine ~ % ping -c 3 raspberrypi.local
PING raspberrypi.local (192.168.1.68): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.68: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.993 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.68: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=20.565 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.68: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=50.571 ms
--- raspberrypi.local ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 14.993/28.710/50.571/15.625 ms
```
This tells us that the Pi is on the network, and has an address of 192.168.1.68.
## SSH
We can now connect to it through the secure shell (SSH) so we can control it remotely.
[Here's some great info on SSH](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/ssh/) from the Raspberry Pi Foundation.
Type the following in your terminal:
`ssh pi@raspberrypi.local`
or
`ssh pi@192.168.1.68 `(or whatever address you saw returned earlier when you pinged it.)
You may see a message warning you that **the authenticity of the host can't be established, Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?**
To this question you can reply by typing `yes` and pressing return. This will add the Pi to your list of known hosts and should not pop up again with this question.
You will now see the password prompt for the Pi:
`pi@raspberrypi.local's password:`
Go ahead and type in the default password, which is: `raspberry`
## Change the Password!
You will now be logged into the Pi over ssh! There will be a warning about changing your password from the default and instructions on how to do so. Do it now! Type `passwd`, hit return and follow the instructions to create a new, secure, non-default password!
## Rename the Pi
You may end up with multiple Pi computers on your network, which can get confusing if they are all named **raspberrypi**. To rename this one for this project, type in `sudo raspi-config` and press return.
Primary:
Use the arrows and enter key on your keyboard to navigate. Pick 2 **Network Options** and press **return** on your keyboard.
Then, pick N1 **Hostname**.
Enter a new hostname -- I typed `raspberrypiBlinkaBridge`
Use the **Tab** key to get to the **\** button and press **return**.
Press tab twice to get to the **\** button and press **return**.
Now, we'll restart the Pi to make the changed host name show up on the network by typing `sudo reboot` and pressing **return**.
Note, this will close the SSH session. After the Pi restarts, wait about a minute, and then reconnect over SSH. This time, you'll use the new name: `ssh pi@raspberrypiBlinkaBridge`
## Update Application List
Once logged into the Pi, we'll do some software updates to make sure we have the latest of everything.
Warning:
Type:
`sudo apt-get update`
And then press **return**. This will run for a little bit as it reads the available package lists, and then finish, reporting that it is done.
You can now apply any of these changes by typing:
`sudo apt-get upgrade`
Type `Y` and press enter to continue.
## Software Setup
Now that the Pi is updated and renamed on the network, we'll make sure we have Python 3 setup, as Python 2 is no longer used or supported.
**pip3** , is the software package installer we'll use. Let's upgrade it to the latest version with this command:
`sudo pip3 install --upgrade setuptools`
If above doesn't work try
`sudo apt-get install python3-pip`
Once that has finished you'll be returned to the prompt.
# Make sure you're using Python 3!
The default Python on your computer may not be Python 3. Python 2 is officially discontinued and all our libraries are Python 3 only.
We'll be using `python3` and `pip3` in our commands, use those versions of Python and pip to make sure you're using 3 and not 2.
## Install Blinka
Blinka is the software that allows us to run CircuitPython and its libraries on Linux. You can [read more about it here](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux/overview).
To install blinka, type:
`sudo pip3 install adafruit-blinka`
That's it! You can reboot again if you like.
# Bluetooth LE Sensor Nodes to Raspberry Pi WiFi Bridge
## Install Pi Bridge Software
# BLE Support
Next we'll set up BLE support with the BlueZ Bluetooth protocol stack. Type this and hit return:
`sudo apt-get install bluez-hcidump`
## Adafruit Blinka BLEio
"Old MacDonald had a snake, BLEeeee-iiiiii-BLEeeee-iiiiii-oooooo!"
Next, we'll install the Adafruit Blinka bleio library, which is required for CircuitPython BLE to work properly.
In the ssh terminal type:
```python
pip3 install adafruit-blinka-bleio
```
## Bluetooth Group
In order to have the Pi scan for BLE devices we need to increase the permissions granted to the **pi** user.
To add the user to the bluetooth group do:
`sudo usermod -a -G bluetooth pi`
(Or, whatever your username is if not the default.)
Now, the **pi** user won't actually have these new permissions until the next time we log in, so type `exit` and then re-login to the ssh with
`ssh pi@raspberrypiblinkabridge.local`
Enter your password when promted, then you can check the groups the **pi** user is in by typing:
`groups`
```python
pi@raspberrypiBlinkaBridge:~ $ groups
pi adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users input netdev bluetooth gpio i2c spi
```
Now, we'll set permissions so that we can do comprehensive BLE scanning.
Type the following lines into the ssh terminal, pressing enter after each one:
```python
sudo chown :bluetooth /usr/bin/hcidump /usr/bin/hcitool
sudo chmod o-x /usr/bin/hcidump /usr/bin/hcitool
sudo setcap 'cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip' /usr/bin/hcitool
sudo setcap 'cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip' /usr/bin/hcidump
```
# Install Python libraries
Now you're ready to install the Python support [library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_BLE_BroadcastNet/tree/0.8.0) for the BLE BroadcastNet bridge. Run the following command to install it:
`pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-ble-broadcastnet`
## Add Examples
Let's add some example code to try by cloning a Git repository locally.
Type `cd` to go to your home directory on the Pi.
Note, you can type `pwd` (print working directory) to see where you are at any time:
```python
pi@raspberrypiBlinkaBridge:~ $ pwd
/home/pi
```
Here we will clone the example directory. Type:
`git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_BLE_BroadcastNet.git`
Once it finishes copying the files, you can have a look. Go to the directory by typing `cd Adafruit_CircuitPython_BLE_BroadcastNet` (Hint, you can press **Tab** to complete that long directory name after you type a couple of the letters).
Check out the contents by typing `ls -1`
```python
pi@raspberrypiBlinkaBridge:~/Adafruit_CircuitPython_BLE_BroadcastNet $ ls -1
adafruit_ble_broadcastnet.py
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
docs
examples
LICENSE
README.rst
requirements.txt
setup.py
```
The **adafruit\_ble\_broadcastnet.py** file is the Python library we'll be using when we run the code. The code we want to run on the Pi is inside the **/examples** directory. Let's go there by typing:
` cd ./examples/`
**ble\_broadcastnet\_blinka\_bridge.py** is the one we'll run on the Pi (after setting up the **secrets.py** file below), while the others are examples we can run on different microcontrollers such as the CLUE, Circuit Playground Bluefruit, Feather nRF52840, Feather Sense, and ItsyBitsy nRF52840.
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_battery\_level\_neopixel.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_battery\_level.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_cpb.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_expo\_backoff.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_multisensor.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_simpletest.py**
## Adafruit IO
In order to used the Adafruit IO Internet of Things service (which is absolutely free to use) you'll need to log in with your Adafruit account. If you don't already have an Adafruit login, create [one here](https://accounts.adafruit.com/users/sign_up).
If you haven't used Adafruit IO before, [check out this guide for more info](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-adafruit-io/getting-started-with-adafruit-io).
Once you have logged into your account, there are two pieces of information you'll need to place in your **secrets.py** file: `Adafruit IO username`, and `Adafruit IO key`. Head to [io.adafruit.com](https://io.adafruit.com/) and simply click the **View AIO Key** link on the left hand side of the Adafruit IO page to get this information.
## Shhh Secrets
The **ble\_broadcastnet\_blinka\_bridge.py** program will need to authenticate your Adafruit IO credentials in order to run. So, we'll create a file called **secrets.py** to contain this info.
Inside is a Python dictionary named `secrets` with a line for each entry. Each entry has an entry name (say `'aio_username'`) and then a colon to separate it from the entry key `'daphne_von_person'`
```python
secrets = {
'aio_username' : '_your_aio_username_',
'aio_key' : '_your_big_huge_super_long_aio_key_'
}
```
Info:
Use a text editor to create and save this file into the **/Adafruit\_CircuitPython\_BLE\_Broadcast/examples** directory. Since you are ssh'd into the Pi, the easiest way to do this is with the **nano** text editor. Type:
`nano secrets.py`
In the **nano** editor that launches, copy and paste the **secrets** text from above, replacing the username and key with your own, then save & exit.
Your **/examples** directory should now look like this:
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_battery\_level\_neopixel.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_battery\_level.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_blinka\_bridge.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_cpb.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_expo\_backoff.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_multisensor.py**
- **ble\_broadcastnet\_simpletest.py**
- **secrets.py**
## Service Identity
Next, we'll install the `service_identity` module, which is used behind the scenes for certificate verification. Type this into the ssh terminal and press return:
```python
pip3 install service_identity
```
## Launch BroadcastNet Bridge
We're now ready to run the broadcast bridge software on the Pi! When this runs it will look for BLE sensors, collect their message data, and then send it to your Adafruit IO account as a uniquely named feed.
To run it, type this in the ssh shell and press return:
```python
python3 ble_broadcastnet_blinka_bridge.py
```
If your Feather Sense and/or CLUE boards you set up earlier are powered on and within range, you will start to see the measurement values being received successfully:
```python
bridge-dca63202680a-sensor-fdc492775544 [{'key': 'missed-message-count', 'value': 0}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-x', 'value': -5.6099700927734375}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-y', 'value': 2.15712833404541}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-z', 'value': 7.956132888793945}, {'key': 'pressure-0', 'value': 992.184814453125}]
Done logging measurement to IO. Took 0.628571397000087 seconds
bridge-dca63202680a-sensor-fdc492775544 [{'key': 'missed-message-count', 'value': 2}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-x', 'value': -5.6506500244140625}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-y', 'value': 2.1284141540527344}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-z', 'value': 7.968097686767578}, {'key': 'pressure-0', 'value': 992.178955078125}]
Done logging measurement to IO. Took 1.1094765150000967 seconds
bridge-dca63202680a-sensor-fdc492775544 [{'key': 'missed-message-count', 'value': 1}, {'key': 'magnetic-0-x', 'value': -0.9061675071716309}, {'key': 'magnetic-0-y', 'value': -21.879562377929688}, {'key': 'magnetic-0-z', 'value': -100.5845947265625}, {'key': 'temperature-0', 'value': 24.0244140625}]
Done logging measurement to IO. Took 0.6365861880001376 seconds
bridge-dca63202680a-sensor-fdc492775544 [{'key': 'missed-message-count', 'value': 0}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-x', 'value': -5.626718521118164}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-y', 'value': 2.1152544021606445}, {'key': 'acceleration-0-z', 'value': 7.981258392333984}, {'key': 'pressure-0', 'value': 992.23876953125}]
Done logging measurement to IO. Took 0.6315450570000394 seconds
```
If you open your Adafruit IO Feeds page, you'll see this feed there.
Let's have a look at how to work with your feed data.
# Bluetooth LE Sensor Nodes to Raspberry Pi WiFi Bridge
## BroadcastNet on AIO
https://youtu.be/qi4wK-TvE9g
## Adafruit IO Getting Started
If you're new to Adafruit IO, [this guide page](https://learn.adafruit.com/iot-motion-and-temperature-sensor-with-adxl343-adt7410-sensor-featherwing-and-adafruit-io/adafruit-io-setup) has lots of great info and links to check out.
## Renaming AIO Feeds
When you head to your Adafruit IO Feeds page, you'll see the Raspberry Pi bridge name and sensor name pairings of any sensor boards you're running. Here, I have two:
Since these names are derived from the MAC addresses of the devices themselves, they are good unique IDs, but not very friendly looking! Let's change them.
First, look at the CLUE screen and make note of the sensor ID. In my case it reports `caa19e07860b`.
Then, click on the feed group of the same name. You'll see a settings gear icon in the Group Info box. Click that.
In the Edit Group popup, give the Name field a more descriptive name. Be sure to leave the Key value as it is or things will break!
Repeat this process for any other boards you're using.
## Dashboard Setup
Set up a new dashboard -- I named mine **BroadcastNet Dashboard**.
Hit **Create** to make the new dashboard, which we can then fill with feed data blocks.
## Blocks
Now we'll add feed data blocks to the Dashboard.
Press the **+** icon to add new blocks.
Here I've added a graph widget with the two temperatures from the two different boards.
You can continue to add elements to the dashboard depending on what you'd like to see!
## Measurement List
The BroadcastNet library has many different measurements it can read with the `measurement` command. You can check out the [documentation here](https://circuitpython.readthedocs.io/projects/ble_broadcastnet/en/latest/api.html).
For convenience, this is the full list:
> `TVOC`
>
> Total Volatile Organic Compounds as a float in parts per billion.
>
> `acceleration`
>
> Acceleration as (x, y, z) tuple of floats in meters per second per second.
>
> `battery_voltage`
>
> Battery voltage in millivolts. Saves two bytes over voltage and is more readable in bare packets.
>
> `color`
>
> Color as RGB integer.
>
> `current`
>
> Current as a float in milliamps.
>
> `distance`
>
> Distance as a float in centimeters.
>
> `duty_cycle`
>
> 16-bit PWM duty cycle. Independent of frequency.
>
> `eCO2`
>
> Equivalent CO2 as a float in parts per million.
>
> `frequency`
>
> As integer Hertz
>
> `gyro`
>
> Gyro motion as (x, y, z) tuple of floats in radians per second.
>
> `light`
>
> Brightness as a float without units.
>
> `lux`
>
> Brightness as a float in SI lux.
>
> `magnetic`
>
> Magnetism as (x, y, z) tuple of floats in micro-Tesla.
>
> `orientation`
>
> Absolution orientation as (x, y, z) tuple of floats in degrees.
>
> `pressure`
>
> Pressure as a float in hectopascals.
>
> `relative_humidity`
>
> Relative humidity as a float percentage.``
>
> `temperature`
>
> Temperature as a float in degrees centigrade.
>
> `value`
>
> 16-bit unit-less value. Used for analog values and for booleans.
>
> `voltage`
>
> Voltage as a float in Volts.
>
> `weight`
>
> Weight as a float in grams.
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## Related Guides
- [Introducing Adafruit CLUE](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-clue.md)
- [Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Sense](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-feather-sense.md)
- [T³ Time Triangle Thing](https://learn.adafruit.com/t-time-triangle-thing.md)
- [AdaBox 015](https://learn.adafruit.com/adabox015.md)
- [Metronome CLUE](https://learn.adafruit.com/metronome-clue.md)
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- [Using the Bluefruit Dashboard with Web Bluetooth in Chrome](https://learn.adafruit.com/bluefruit-dashboard-web-bluetooth-chrome.md)
- [Clue Coffee Scale](https://learn.adafruit.com/clue-coffee-scale.md)
- [Welcome to CircuitPython!](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython.md)
- [CLUE Vertical Garden Weather Visualizer](https://learn.adafruit.com/clue-vertical-garden-weather-visualizer.md)
- [ulab: Crunch Numbers fast in CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/ulab-crunch-numbers-fast-with-circuitpython.md)
- [Which CircuitPython Board is Right for You?](https://learn.adafruit.com/choose-your-circuitpython-board.md)
- [A colorful CLUE slideshow purse with Bright Wearables](https://learn.adafruit.com/a-colorful-clue-slideshow-purse.md)
- [LIS3MDL Triple-axis Magnetometer](https://learn.adafruit.com/lis3mdl-triple-axis-magnetometer.md)
- [¡Bienvenido a CircuitPython!](https://learn.adafruit.com/bienvenido-a-circuitpython-2.md)
- [PyLeap CLUE Barometer](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyleap-clue-barometer.md)
- [Using a Raspberry Pi as a Router](https://learn.adafruit.com/using-a-raspberry-pi-as-a-router.md)