We'll be using the great wiringPi tool gpio to control the servo. Begin by installing gpio with
sudo apt-get install -y wiringpi
Set pin #18 to be a PWM output
gpio -g mode 18 pwm
Pin #18 has PWM output, but you have to set it to be the right frequency output. Servo's want 50 Hz frequency output
For the Raspberry Pi PWM module, the PWM Frequency in Hz = 19,200,000 Hz / pwmClock / pwmRange
If pwmClock is 192 and pwmRange is 2000 we'll get the PWM frequency = 50 Hz (thx to kev for the numbers!)
Now you can tell gpio to set the PWM clock to those numbers:
gpio pwm-ms gpio pwmc 192 gpio pwmr 2000
Now you can set the servo to all the way to the left (1.0 milliseconds) with
gpio -g pwm 18 100
Set the servo to the middle (1.5 ms) with
gpio -g pwm 18 150
And all the way to the right (2.0ms) with
gpio -g pwm 18 200
Servos often 'respond' to a wider range than 1.0-2.0 milliseconds so try it with ranges of 50 (0.5ms) to 250 (2.5ms)
Of course you can try any number between 50 and 250! so you get a range of about 200 positions
Note that the Raspberry Pi PWM is not necessarily a 'stable' output, and there might be some jitter! For a steady PWM signal, you'll want to check out a dedicated Servo HAT.
Python Example!
You can also use wiringPi in python! Run
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip
sudo pip install wiringpi
The Python program to make the servo sweep back and forth is listed below:
# Servo Control
import time
import wiringpi
# use 'GPIO naming'
wiringpi.wiringPiSetupGpio()
# set #18 to be a PWM output
wiringpi.pinMode(18, wiringpi.GPIO.PWM_OUTPUT)
# set the PWM mode to milliseconds stype
wiringpi.pwmSetMode(wiringpi.GPIO.PWM_MODE_MS)
# divide down clock
wiringpi.pwmSetClock(192)
wiringpi.pwmSetRange(2000)
delay_period = 0.01
while True:
for pulse in range(50, 250, 1):
wiringpi.pwmWrite(18, pulse)
time.sleep(delay_period)
for pulse in range(250, 50, -1):
wiringpi.pwmWrite(18, pulse)
time.sleep(delay_period)
We're basically using the wiringpi functions but within python, so its easy to practice with the gpio utility and then use the matching commands in python
A variable (delay_period) is used to contain the time in seconds between each step of the servo.
The while loop will just continue forever or until the program is interrupted by pressing CTRL-C. Within the loop there are two near identical 'for' loops. The first counts the pulse width up from 5.0ms to 2.5ms and the second sets the pulse with starting with 2.5m and counts down to 0.5ms, moving the servo arm back and forth.
To install the software, connect to your Pi using SSH and then type the command:
$ nano servo.py
Paste the code above into the editor and then do CTRL-X and Y to save the file.
To run the servo program just type the following command into your SSH window:
$ sudo python servo.py
The servo should start to move straight away.
