Also see the guide on the Adafruit PCA9548 which is TCA9548A compatible and has Stemma QT ports for I2C.
The TCA9548A multiplexer is interesting in that it has an I2C address (0x70 by default) - and you basically send it a command to tell it which I2C multiplexed output you want to talk to, then you can address the board you want to address.
We suggest using this little helper to help you select the port
#define TCAADDR 0x70
void tcaselect(uint8_t i) {
if (i > 7) return;
Wire.beginTransmission(TCAADDR);
Wire.write(1 << i);
Wire.endTransmission();
}
You can then call tcaselect(0) thru tcaselect(7) to set up the multiplexer.
Note that you if you happen to have I2C devices with I2C address 0x70, you will need to short one of the Addr pins on the TCA9548 breakout to Vin in order to make it not conflict. Given that you can have 0x70 thru 0x77, just find one that's free and you're good to go!
Example Multiplexing
For example, say we want to talk to two HMC5883 breakouts. These magnetometers have a fixed address of 0x1E so you cannot have two on one I2C bus. Wire up the TCA9548 breakout so that:
- Vin is connected to 5V (on a 3V logic Arduino/microcontroller, use 3.3V)
- GND to ground
- SCL to I2C clock
- SDA to I2C data
Then wire up each of the other sensor breakouts to Vin, Ground and use one of the SCn / SDn multiplexed buses:
On an Arduino, which is what we're using, we suggest running this handy scanner script which will tell you what the breakout detected
/**
* TCA9548 I2CScanner.ino -- I2C bus scanner for Arduino
*
* Based on https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/I2cScanner/
*
*/
#include "Wire.h"
#define TCAADDR 0x70
void tcaselect(uint8_t i) {
if (i > 7) return;
Wire.beginTransmission(TCAADDR);
Wire.write(1 << i);
Wire.endTransmission();
}
// standard Arduino setup()
void setup()
{
while (!Serial);
delay(1000);
Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("\nTCAScanner ready!");
for (uint8_t t=0; t<8; t++) {
tcaselect(t);
Serial.print("TCA Port #"); Serial.println(t);
for (uint8_t addr = 0; addr<=127; addr++) {
if (addr == TCAADDR) continue;
Wire.beginTransmission(addr);
if (!Wire.endTransmission()) {
Serial.print("Found I2C 0x"); Serial.println(addr,HEX);
}
}
}
Serial.println("\ndone");
}
void loop()
{
}
For example, running it on the above setup will give you:
Next up you will have to adjust whatever code you have to select the correct multiplexed port!
Make sure before you query from the sensor that you call tcaselect to get the right one
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_HMC5883_U.h>
#define TCAADDR 0x70
/* Assign a unique ID to this sensor at the same time */
Adafruit_HMC5883_Unified mag1 = Adafruit_HMC5883_Unified(1);
Adafruit_HMC5883_Unified mag2 = Adafruit_HMC5883_Unified(2);
void displaySensorDetails(Adafruit_HMC5883_Unified *mag)
{
sensor_t sensor;
mag->getSensor(&sensor);
Serial.println("------------------------------------");
Serial.print ("Sensor: "); Serial.println(sensor.name);
Serial.print ("Driver Ver: "); Serial.println(sensor.version);
Serial.print ("Unique ID: "); Serial.println(sensor.sensor_id);
Serial.print ("Max Value: "); Serial.print(sensor.max_value); Serial.println(" uT");
Serial.print ("Min Value: "); Serial.print(sensor.min_value); Serial.println(" uT");
Serial.print ("Resolution: "); Serial.print(sensor.resolution); Serial.println(" uT");
Serial.println("------------------------------------");
Serial.println("");
delay(500);
}
void tcaselect(uint8_t i) {
if (i > 7) return;
Wire.beginTransmission(TCAADDR);
Wire.write(1 << i);
Wire.endTransmission();
}
void setup(void)
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("HMC5883 Magnetometer Test"); Serial.println("");
/* Initialise the 1st sensor */
tcaselect(2);
if(!mag1.begin())
{
/* There was a problem detecting the HMC5883 ... check your connections */
Serial.println("Ooops, no HMC5883 detected ... Check your wiring!");
while(1);
}
/* Initialise the 2nd sensor */
tcaselect(6);
if(!mag2.begin())
{
/* There was a problem detecting the HMC5883 ... check your connections */
Serial.println("Ooops, no HMC5883 detected ... Check your wiring!");
while(1);
}
/* Display some basic information on this sensor */
tcaselect(2);
displaySensorDetails(&mag1);
tcaselect(6);
displaySensorDetails(&mag2);
}
void loop(void)
{
/* Get a new sensor event */
sensors_event_t event;
tcaselect(2);
mag1.getEvent(&event);
/* Display the results (magnetic vector values are in micro-Tesla (uT)) */
Serial.print("Sensor #1 - ");
Serial.print("X: "); Serial.print(event.magnetic.x); Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print("Y: "); Serial.print(event.magnetic.y); Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print("Z: "); Serial.print(event.magnetic.z); Serial.print(" ");Serial.println("uT");
tcaselect(6);
mag2.getEvent(&event);
/* Display the results (magnetic vector values are in micro-Tesla (uT)) */
Serial.print("Sensor #2 - ");
Serial.print("X: "); Serial.print(event.magnetic.x); Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print("Y: "); Serial.print(event.magnetic.y); Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print("Z: "); Serial.print(event.magnetic.z); Serial.print(" ");Serial.println("uT");
delay(500);
}
However, once you add all the tcaselect()'s you will be able to talk to both sensors!
Multiple Multplexers
Since the TCA9548 is addressible, you can have more than one multiplexer on the bus. With 8 possible adresses, that means you can control as many as 64 separate i2c buses.
To avoid conflict between devices with the same address on different multiplexers, you can disable all channels on a multiplexer with the following code:
Wire.beginTransmission(TCAADDR1); Wire.write(0); // no channel selected Wire.endTransmission();
Page last edited May 07, 2024
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