# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## Overview
Most low cost soil sensors are _resistive_ style, where there's two prongs and the sensor measures the conductivity between the two. These work OK at first, but eventually start to oxidize because of the exposed metal. Even if they're gold plated! The resistivity measurement goes up and up, so you constantly have to re-calibrate your code. Also, resistive measurements don't always work in loose soil.
This design is superior with a **capacitive** measurement. Capacitive measurements use only one probe, don't have any exposed metal, and don't introduce any DC currents into your plants. We use the built in capacitive touch measurement system built into the ATSAMD10 chip, which will give you a reading ranging from about 200 (very dry) to 2000 (very wet). As a bonus, we also give you the ambient temperature from the internal temperature sensor on the microcontroller, it's not high precision, maybe good to + or - 2 degrees Celsius.
To make it so you can use the sensor with _just about any_ microcontroller, we have an I2C interface. Connect a 4-pin JST-PH cable (we have a few stocked) to your microcontroller or single board computer to 3-5V power, Ground, I2C SDA and I2C SCL and then run our **Arduino** or **CircuitPython** code to read the temperature and capacitive measurement. No soldering required!
**Please note: This is just the sensor, you'll also need a JST 4-PH cable to go along for plugging it in!** We have a few options such as one with [male header pins](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3955), [female header pins](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3950), and a [JST-JST cable](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568). You can use Seeed Grove cables and boards to connect - the Grove cable is a little different looking but will fit just fine.
# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## Pinouts
This sensor is pretty simple! Instead of headers, we have a 4-pin JST PH connector. This makes it easy to plug in a cable that goes to another board or prototyping kit.
Looking at the image above, from top to bottom, the pinout is
- **GND** - power and logic ground
- **VIN** - 3-5V DC (use the same power voltage as you would for I2C logic)
- **I2C SDA** - there's a 10K pullup to VIN
- **I2C SCL** - there's a 10K pullup to VIN
We suggest these cables, they're even color coded!
### JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Female Socket Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable
[JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Female Socket Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3950)
This cable will let you turn a JST PH 4-pin cable port into 4 individual wires with high-quality 0.1" female sockets on the end. We're carrying these to match up with any of our boards with 'STEMMA' connectors on them such as the
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3950)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3950/guides)
### JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Male Header Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable - 200mm
[JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Male Header Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable - 200mm](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3955)
This cable will let you turn a JST PH 4-pin cable port into 4 individual wires with high-quality 0.1" male header plugs on the end. We're carrying these to match up with any of our boards with 'STEMMA' connectors on them such as the
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3955)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3955/guides)
To connect this STEMMA I2C device to STEMMA QT controllers, you can use the cable below.
### 4-pin JST PH to JST SH Cable - STEMMA to QT / Qwiic
[4-pin JST PH to JST SH Cable - STEMMA to QT / Qwiic](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4424)
Are you a maker in the midst of a [**STEMMA**](https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-adafruit-stemma-qt/what-is-stemma) dilemma? This 200mm long 4-wire cable is a fantastic chimera-cable fitted with **STEMMA QT / Sparkfun Qwiic JST SH** on one end,...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4424)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4424/guides)
On the back there are 3 SWD programming dots (see the schematic for the exact pinout in case you want to reprogram the chip).
**I2C Addressing** (using multiple sensors)
There's also two I2C address jumpers. You can have four different I2C addresses to use one microcontroller with four soil sensors. You can use [4 channel](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5664) or even [8 channel multiplexers](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5664) to have even more sensors on one microcontroller.
The default address is 0x36, but you can select between 0x36 and 0x39 inclusive by shorting **AD0** (to add 1 to the address) and/or **AD1** (to add 2 to the address)
# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## Arduino Test
- Connect **Vin Red Wire** to the power supply, 3-5V is fine. Use the same voltage that the microcontroller logic is based off of. For most Arduino's, that is 5V. If you have 3.3V logic, use 3V
- Connect **GND Black Wire** to common power/data ground
- Connect the **SCL Green Wire** pin to the I2C clock **SCL** pin on your Arduino. On an UNO & '328 based Arduino, this is also known as **A5** , on a Mega it is also known as **digital 21** and on a Leonardo/Micro, **digital 3**
- Connect the **SDA White Wire** pin to the I2C data **SDA** pin on your Arduino. On an UNO & '328 based Arduino, this is also known as **A4** , on a Mega it is also known as **digital 20** and on a Leonardo/Micro, **digital 2**
# Install Adafruit\_seesaw library
To begin reading sensor data, you will need to [install the Adafruit\_seesaw library (code on our github repository)](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Seesaw "Link: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit\_Seesaw"). It is available from the Arduino library manager so we recommend using that.
From the IDE open up the library manager...
Search for **Adafruit seesaw** , and click **Install**
Now from within the IDE, open up the Adafruit seesaw Soil Sensor Example sketch:
Open up the serial console at 115200 baud to see the temperature and capacitive reading
Try touching the body of the sensor to make the 'moisture' measurement go up. In soil, you'll see this range from about 300 to 500, but make sure to test it by placing in a pot of soil and looking at the serial console to get an idea of what the range is. Note that it does depend on how packed/loose the soil is!
The temperature reading is only on the chip itself. It's not terribly precise but it is within a few degrees. Good for getting a basic sense of how the temperature is moving around the house
# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## Python & CircuitPython Test
It's easy to use the seesaw soil sensor with Python or CircuitPython and the [Adafruit CircuitPython seesaw](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_seesaw) module. This module allows you to easily write Python code that reads the moisure/temperature from the sensor.
You can use this sensor with any CircuitPython microcontroller board or with a computer that has GPIO and Python [thanks to Adafruit\_Blinka, our CircuitPython-for-Python compatibility library](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux).
# CircuitPython Microcontroller Wiring
First wire up the soil sensor to your board exactly as shown on the previous pages for Arduino. Here's an example of wiring a Feather M0 to the sensor with I2C:
- **Board 3V** to **sensor VIN**
- **Board GND** to **sensor GND**
- **Board SCL** to **sensor SCL**
- **Board SDA** to **sensor SDA**
# Python Computer Wiring
Since there's _dozens_ of Linux computers/boards you can use we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other platforms, [please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux).
Here's the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C:
- **Pi 3V3** to **sensor VIN**
- **Pi GND** to **sensor GND**
- **Pi SCL ** to **sensor SCL**
- **Pi SDA** to **sensor SDA**
# CircuitPython Installation of seesaw Library
You'll need to install the [Adafruit CircuitPython seesaw](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_seesaw) library on your CircuitPython board.
First make sure you are running the [latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/releases) for your board.
Next you'll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware. They can be downloaded via the [Adafruit's CircuitPython library bundle](https://circuitpython.org/libraries). Be sure to read the [CircuitPython Welcome guide](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/circuitpython-libraries) for information on working with and installing libraries.
Before continuing make sure your board's **lib** folder has:
- **adafruit\_seesaw.mpy**
- **adafruit\_bus\_device**
Next [connect to the board's serial REPL ](https://learn.adafruit.com/micropython-basics-how-to-load-micropython-on-a-board/serial-terminal)so you are at the CircuitPython **\>\>\>** prompt.
# Python Installation of seesaw Library
You'll need to install the Adafruit\_Blinka library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. This may also require enabling I2C on your platform and verifying you are running Python 3. [Since each platform is a little different, and Linux changes often, please visit the CircuitPython on Linux guide to get your computer ready](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux)!
Once that's done, from your command line run the following command:
- `sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-seesaw`
If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run 'pip' instead. Just make sure you aren't trying to use CircuitPython on Python 2.x, it isn't supported!
# CircuitPython & Python Usage
This example sketch shows connecting to the sensor and reading temperature and moisture/capacitive measurement
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_seesaw/blob/main/examples/seesaw_soil_simpletest.py
Try touching the body of the sensor to make the 'moisture' measurement go up. In soil, you'll see this range from about 300 to 500, but make sure to test it by placing in a pot of soil and looking at the serial console to get an idea of what the range is. Note that it does depend on how packed/loose the soil is!
The temperature reading is only on the chip itself. It's not terribly precise but it is within a few degrees. Good for getting a basic sense of how the temperature is moving around the house
# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## WipperSnapper Test
## What is WipperSnapper
WipperSnapper is a firmware designed to turn any WiFi-capable board into an Internet-of-Things device without programming a single line of code. WipperSnapper connects to [Adafruit IO](https://io.adafruit.com/), a web platform designed ([by Adafruit!](https://www.adafruit.com/about)) to _display_, _respond_, and _interact_ with your project's data.
Simply load the WipperSnapper firmware onto your board, add credentials, and plug it into power. Your board will automatically register itself with your Adafruit IO account.
From there, you can add _components_ to your board such as buttons, switches, potentiometers, sensors, and more! Components are _dynamically _added to hardware, so you can immediately start interacting, logging, and streaming the data your projects produce without writing code.
If you've never used WipperSnapper, click below to read through the quick start guide before continuing.
[Quickstart: Adafruit IO WipperSnapper](https://learn.adafruit.com/quickstart-adafruit-io-wippersnapper)
## Wiring
First, wire up the soil sensor to your board exactly as follows. Here is an example of the soil sensor wired to an [Adafruit ESP32 Feather V2](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5400) using I2C [with a STEMMA QT cable (no soldering required)](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4424)
- **Board 3V** to **sensor VIN (red wire on STEMMA QT)**
- **Board GND** to **sensor GND (black wire on STEMMA QT)**
- **Board SCL** to **sensor SCL (yellow wire on STEMMA QT)**
- **Board SDA** to **sensor SDA (blue wire on STEMMA QT)**
## Usage
Connect your board to Adafruit IO Wippersnapper and **[navigate to the WipperSnapper board list](https://io.adafruit.com/wippersnapper).**
On this page, **select the WipperSnapper board you're using** to be brought to the board's interface page.
If you do not see your board listed here - you need [to connect your board to Adafruit IO](https://learn.adafruit.com/quickstart-adafruit-io-wippersnapper) first.
On the device page, quickly **check that you're running the latest version of the WipperSnapper firmware**.
The device tile on the left indicates the version number of the firmware running on the connected board.
- **If the firmware version is green with a checkmark -** continue with this guide.
- **If the firmware version is red with an "X" -** [update to the latest WipperSnapper firmware](https://learn.adafruit.com/quickstart-adafruit-io-wippersnapper) on your board before continuing.
Next, make sure the sensor is plugged into your board and click the ** I2C Scan ** button.
You should see the soil sensor's default I2C address of `0x36` pop-up in the I2C scan list.
### I don't see the sensor's I2C address listed!
First, double-check the connection and/or wiring between the sensor and the board.
Then, reset the board and let it re-connect to Adafruit IO WipperSnapper.
With the sensor detected in an I2C scan, you're ready to add the sensor to your board.
**Click the New Component button or the + button** to bring up the component picker.
Adafruit IO supports a large amount of components. To quickly find your sensor, type `SOIL` into the search bar, then select the **STEMMA Soil Sensor** component.
On the component configuration page, the soil sensor's address should be listed along with the sensor's settings.
The **Send Every** option is specific to each sensor's measurements. This option will tell the Feather how often it should read from the two sensors and send the data to Adafruit IO. Measurements can range from every 30 seconds to every 24 hours.
For this example, set the **Send Every ** interval for each sensor to "Every 30 seconds".
Your device interface should now show the sensor components you created. After the interval you configured elapses, WipperSnapper will automatically read values from the sensor(s) and send them to Adafruit IO.
To view the data that has been logged from the sensor, click on the graph next to the sensor name.
Here you can see the feed history and edit things about the feed such as the name, privacy, webhooks associated with the feed and more. If you want to learn more about how feeds work, [check out this page](https://learn.adafruit.com/all-the-internet-of-things-episode-four-adafruit-io/advanced-feeds).
The soil sensor has two sensors. The capacitive one has one feed and the temperature sensor has two. This picture shows the Celsius feed, but if you click on the graph icon for the different sensors, you'll see their feed history.
For IO Free accounts, feed data is stored for a maximum of 30 days and there's a maximum of 10 feeds. In this guide, you created three feeds. If you’d like to store data for more than 30 days, increase the number of feeds (components) you can use with WipperSnapper, or increase your data rate to send more sensor measurements to Adafruit IO - [upgrade your account to Adafruit IO Plus](https://io.adafruit.com/plus).
# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## Downloads
# Firmware & Files
- [Adafruit seesaw firmware](https://github.com/adafruit/seesaw)
- [CircuitPython seesaw library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_seesaw)
- [Arduino seesaw library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Seesaw)
- [CAD files in GitHub](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-STEMMA-Soil-Sensor-PCB)
- [3D Models on GitHub](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CAD_Parts/tree/master/4026%20STEMMA%20Soil%20Sensor)
# Schematic & Fabrication Print
# Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
## FAQ
###
You can't. This soil sensor provides only a capacitive measurement. You could try to calibrate it against a known source, but this is NOT guaranteed to work.
###
This is only needed if you are **not** using the Arduino or CircuitPython library. [See the seesaw guide for general information on reading seesaw registers.](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-seesaw-atsamd09-breakout/reading-and-writing-data) The STEMMA Soil Sensor's reading is the capacitive measurement on channel 0. **Base register = 0x0F** and **Function Register = 0x10**.
## Primary Products
### Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor
[Adafruit STEMMA Soil Sensor - I2C Capacitive Moisture Sensor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4026)
Most low cost soil sensors are _resistive_ style, where there's two prongs and the sensor measures the conductivity between the two. These work OK at first, but eventually start to oxidize because of the exposed metal. Even if they're gold plated! The resistivity measurement...
In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4026)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4026/guides)
## Featured Products
### STEMMA Cable - 4 Pin JST-PH 2mm Cable–Female/Female
[STEMMA Cable - 4 Pin JST-PH 2mm Cable–Female/Female](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568)
This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-PH female 4-pin connectors on each end. These types of JST cables are commonly found on small rechargeable battery packs, RC receivers and transmitters, tiny cameras, and other small electronic devices
We're...
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3568)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3568/guides)
### JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Female Socket Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable
[JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Female Socket Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3950)
This cable will let you turn a JST PH 4-pin cable port into 4 individual wires with high-quality 0.1" female sockets on the end. We're carrying these to match up with any of our boards with 'STEMMA' connectors on them such as the
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3950)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3950/guides)
### JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Male Header Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable - 200mm
[JST PH 2mm 4-Pin to Male Header Cable - I2C STEMMA Cable - 200mm](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3955)
This cable will let you turn a JST PH 4-pin cable port into 4 individual wires with high-quality 0.1" male header plugs on the end. We're carrying these to match up with any of our boards with 'STEMMA' connectors on them such as the
Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3955)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3955/guides)
## Related Guides
- [PyPortal IoT Plant Monitor with Google Cloud IoT Core and CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-iot-plant-monitor-with-google-cloud-iot-core-and-circuitpython.md)
- [PyPortal Pet Planter with Adafruit IO](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-pet-planter-with-adafruit-io.md)
- [Discord and Slack Connected Smart Plant with Adafruit IO Actions](https://learn.adafruit.com/discord-and-slack-connected-smart-plant-with-adafruit-io-triggers.md)
- [Adafruit STEMMA & STEMMA QT](https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-adafruit-stemma-qt.md)
- [PyPortal IoT Plant Monitor with AWS IoT and CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/pyportal-iot-plant-monitor-with-aws-iot-and-circuitpython.md)
- [No-Code IoT Soil Sensor](https://learn.adafruit.com/soil-node.md)
- [PyPortal IoT Plant Monitor with Microsoft Azure IoT and CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/using-microsoft-azure-iot-with-circuitpython.md)
- [Adafruit Proximity Trinkey](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-proximity-trinkey.md)
- [Adafruit RS232 Pal](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-rs232-pal.md)
- [Minty Boost](https://learn.adafruit.com/minty-boost.md)
- [Adafruit PyPortal Titano](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-pyportal-titano.md)
- [Textable Sensor with FONA and CircuitPython](https://learn.adafruit.com/textable-sensor-with-fona-and-circuitpython.md)
- [Adafruit MCP9600 I2C Thermocouple Amplifier](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-mcp9600-i2c-thermocouple-amplifier.md)
- [Analog Devices ADXL343 Breakout Learning Guide](https://learn.adafruit.com/adxl343-breakout-learning-guide.md)
- [No-Code Offline Data Logger with WipperSnapper](https://learn.adafruit.com/no-code-offline-data-logging-with-wippersnapper.md)