# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Overview

![front view of the board](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/688/medium800/adafruit_products_6421-04.jpg?1758045063 )

For converting digital I2S audio from your ESP32/RP2350 or Raspberry Pi, you'll need a digital-to-analog-converter (DAC). And the **Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC** is both powerful and easy to use - with excellent audio quality! It's got clean, high-quality, stereo audio and does not need any MCLK signal, or I2C configuration. Literally just pipe some I2S audio in and it'll just work.

The default hardware mode is excellent for quick starts, and, for those who do want configurability, such as volume control / software mute / EQ / filters, it's also easy to set up the chip for I2C or SPI interfacing with the two MODE pins.

The PCM5122 has excellent audio specs, with 112dB signal-to-noise/dynamic range, and -93 dB THD.

![back view of the board](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/689/medium800/adafruit_products_6421-02.jpg?1758045113 )

This breakout makes I2S digital audio easy: all you need to do is power it with 3~5VDC, and provide BCLK (bit clock), WSEL (left/right word select), and DIN (data in). The data lines are 3.3V logic only. By default it's configured for I2S but you can also do Left-Justified by toggling the Format pin. Audio can be 16, 24 or 32-bit wide, the chip will automagically determine the right format from the WSEL / BCLK ratio. No MCLK pin is needed, the chip will auto-generate it internally from the bit clock - or you can provide it on the MCLK input if you want.

![headphone jack view of the board](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/690/medium800/adafruit_products_6421-03.jpg?1758045155 )

For hardware (not I2C/SPI config) mode, the other breakout pads provide:

- **Filtering** (change from normal to low-latency by pulling high)
- **De-emphasis**
- **Mute** (pull low to quickly set the outputs to ground), and de-emphasis for 44.1khz audio (default is off)
- Three **ATTenuation/gain** pins that can be used for changing the gain from -6dB to +15dB. See the datasheet's Table 3 for the pin-to-gain settings.

For I2C/SPI configuration mode, gain/volume, filtering and de-emphasis is done over digital register commands. The hardware Mute pin still works as expected.

![front view of the board with headers](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/691/medium800/adafruit_products_6421-01.jpg?1758045200 )

The audio outputs are also available on breakout pads if you want to wire directly without using the 3.5mm jack. Audio output is not AC-coupled because it is centered on ground: you can plug it into anything that is either AC coupled or has the same ground reference. Note that this is a line-level output, it cannot drive headphones - the output is for no less than 1K ohm loads!

Each order comes with one I2S Stereo DAC breakout and some header you can solder on for breadboard usage.

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Pinouts

![front and back view of the board](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/844/medium800/adafruit_products_double.png?1758641784 )

The default I2C address is **0x4C**.

## Power Pins

- **VIN** - this is the power pin. It can be powered with 3.3 to 5VDC, however, the data lines are 3.3V logic only.
- **GND**  - common ground for power and logic

Warning: The data lines are 3.3V logic level only

## I2S Pins

- **WSEL** (Word Select or Left/Right Clock) - this is the pin that tells the DAC when the data is for the left channel and when it's for the right channel.
- **DIN** (Data In) - This is the pin that has the actual data coming in, both left and right data are sent on this pin, the WSEL pin indicates when left or right is being transmitted.
- **BCK** (Bit Clock) - This is the pin that tells the amplifier when to read data on the data pin.
- **MCK** (Main clock, optional) - This pin is optional for the PCM5122 because it will auto-generate the main clock internally from BCK.

## Audio Output

The audio output from this breakout is line-level. It is not AC-coupled because it is centered on ground. You can plug it into anything that is either AC coupled or has the same ground reference.

- **Lout** - This is the left channel audio output
- **Rout** - This is the right channel audio output
- **GND** - This is a clean analog ground signal for the audio output
- **3.5mm output jack** - This is the onboard output audio jack. Note that it cannot drive headphones - the output is for no less than 1K ohm loads!

Warning: Note that it cannot drive headphones - the output is for no less than 1K ohm loads!

## Control Mode Selection

The PCM5122 can be controlled via hardware, I2C or SPI. The control mode is determined by pulling pins **MOD1** and **MOD2** high or low. By default, hardware mode is enabled with both **MOD1** and **MOD2** open. The table below shows the possible combinations to enable the different modes.

Note that in SPI mode, the **MOD2** pin is also the **CS** pin, so it does not need to be pulled specifically high or low.

![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/880/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-23_160838.png?1758658160 )

## Hardware Control Pins

These pins can be used in hardware control mode (not I2C/SPI config mode) to affect the DAC.

- **DEEM** - This is the de-emphasis pin for 44.1khz audio. By default it is off.
- **FILT** - This is the filter pin. You can change the filter from normal to low-latency by pulling the pin high.
- **FMT** - This is the format pin. You can change the format from I2S to Left justified by pulling the pin high.
- **AGN** - This is the analog gain selector. When the pin is low, the gain is set to 0 dB. When it is pulled high, the gain is set to -6 dB.
- **ATT0, ATT1 (SCL)** and **ATT2 (SDA)** - These are the gain and attenuation control pins. Note that **ATT1** is labeled **SCL** on the board silk and **ATT2** is labeled **SDA** on the board silk. They set the output level by being pulled high or low. The table below shows the possible combinations to set the different gain levels:

![the gain attenuation table ](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/847/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-23_125132.png?1758646811 )

The **MUTE pin** can be used to mute the DAC in all modes.

- **MUTE** - This is the mute pin. You can pull this pin low to set the outputs to ground.

## I2C Control Pins

These pins are used to control the DAC via I2C.

- **SDA** - the I2C data pin, connect to your microcontroller's I2C data line.
- **SCL** - the I2C clock pin, connect to your microcontroller's I2C clock line.

## I2C Address Pins

On the front of the board are **two address pins** , labeled **A1**  and **A2**. These pins allow you to change the I2C address to connect multiple boards by connecting them to **VIN**.

The default I2C address is **0x4C**. The other address options can be calculated by "adding" the  **A1/A2** to the base of **0x4C**.

**A1**  sets the lowest bit with a value of **1** and  **A2**  sets the next bit with a value of **2.****   **The final address is** 0x4C + A2 + A1 ** which would be** 0x4F**.


If only **A1** is pulled high, the address is **0x4C + 1 = 0x4D**


If only  **A2** is pulled high, the address is  **0x4C + 2 = 0x4E**

The table below shows all possible addresses, and whether the pin(s) should be high or low.

![i2c address table for the pcm5122](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/845/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-23_124100.png?1758645682 )

## SPI Control Pins

These pins are used to control the DAC via SPI.

- **A1 (MISO)** - Labeled **A1** on the board silk, this is the SPI **M** icrocontroller **I** n **S** erial **O** ut pin.
- **SDA (MOSI)** - Labeled **SDA** on the board silk, this is the SPI **M** icrocontroller **O** ut **S** erial **I** n pin.
- **SCL (SCK)** - Labeled **SCL** on the board silk, this is the SPI clock input pin.
- **MOD2 (CS)** - Labeled **MOD2** on the board silk, this is the chip select pin.

## Clock Direction Jumper

- **CLK Dir Set** - On the back of the board is the I2S clock mode jumper. By default, it is open and expects a clock input from your microcontroller (secondary mode). When soldered closed, it sets the pin high and generates its own clock with a main clock source (primary mode).

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## CircuitPython - Hardware Mode

It's easy to use the **PCM5122** in hardware mode with CircuitPython and the the builtin `audiobusio` module. This module allows you to easily write Python code to play audio.

If you want to use this DAC with its I2C driver, you can reference the [CircuitPython - I2C Mode](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-pcm5122-i2s-dac/circuitpython-i2c) page.

Info: No additional libraries are required for this example.

## CircuitPython Microcontroller Wiring

First wire up the I2S DAC to your board exactly as follows. The following is the DAC wired to a Feather RP2040 with the headphone output:

- **Board 3.3V** to **DAC VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **DAC GND (black wire)**
- **Board D9** to **DAC BCK (green wire)**
- **Board D10** to **DAC WSEL (white wire)**
- **Board D11** to **DAC DIN (orange wire)**

![feather fritzing diagram for hardware mode](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/140/015/medium640/adafruit_products_feather_hw_bb.jpg?1758906497)

## Example Code

Click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip, and copy the  **code.py**  file to your  **CIRCUITPY**  drive.

https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/PCM5122_Examples/CircuitPython_PCM5122_HW_Mode/code.py

Once the code starts running, you'll begin hearing a one second 440Hz tone, every other second.

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## CircuitPython - I2C Mode

It's easy to use the **PCM5122** in I2C mode with CircuitPython, and the [Adafruit\_CircuitPython\_PCM51xx](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_PCM51xx) module. This module allows you to easily write Python code to configure this I2S DAC.

If you want to get up and running quickly without I2C, you can use this DAC in hardware mode as shown on the [CircuitPython - Hardware Mode page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-pcm5122-i2s-dac/circuitpython-hw).

## CircuitPython Microcontroller Wiring

First wire up the I2S DAC to your board exactly as follows. The following is the DAC wired to a Feather RP2040 with the headphone output:

- **Board 3.3V** to **DAC VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **DAC GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **DAC SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **DAC SDA (blue wire)**
- **Board D9** to **DAC BCK (green wire)**
- **Board D10** to **DAC WSEL (white wire)**
- **Board D11** to **DAC DIN (orange wire)**
- **Board 3.3V** to **DAC MOD2 (pink wire)**

![feather fritzing diagram](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/959/medium640/adafruit_products_feather_bb_bb.jpg?1758808163)

## CircuitPython Usage

To use with CircuitPython, you need to first install the **Adafruit\_CircuitPython\_PCM51xx** library, and its dependencies, into the **lib** folder on your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Then you need to update **code.py** with the example script.

Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, and copy the **entire**  **lib**  **folder** and the **code.py** file to your **CIRCUITPY** drive.

Your **CIRCUITPY/lib** folder should contain the following folder and file:

- **adafruit\_bus\_device/**
- **adafruit\_pcm51xx.mpy**

![CIRCUITPY drive](https://adafruit.github.io/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/pcm51xx_pcm51xx_sinetone.py.png )

## Example Code
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_PCM51xx/blob/main/examples/pcm51xx_sinetone.py

Once the code starts running, you'll begin hearing a one second 440Hz tone, every other second.

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Python Docs

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Arduino - Hardware Mode

Using the PCM5122 breakout in hardware mode with Arduino involves wiring up the breakout to your Arduino-compatible microcontroller and running the provided example code.

If you want to use this DAC with its I2C driver, you can reference the [Arduino - I2C Mode](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-pcm5122-i2s-dac/arduino-i2c) page.

## Wiring

You can power the I2S DAC with 3.3 to 5VDC, however, the data lines are 3.3V logic only. You'll want to use a 3.3V logic level board. 

Here is an Adafruit Metro RP2040 wired up to the DAC for hardware control mode:

- **Board 3.3V** to **DAC VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **DAC GND (black wire)**
- **Board D9** to **DAC BCK (green wire)**
- **Board D10** to **DAC WSEL (white wire)**
- **Board D11** to **DAC DIN (orange wire)**

![arduino hardware mode fritzing](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/140/020/medium640/adafruit_products_metro_hw_bb.jpg?1758906818)

Info: No additional libraries are needed for this example.

## Example Code
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/PCM5122_Examples/Arduino_PCM5122_HW_Mode/Arduino_PCM5122_HW_Mode.ino

Upload the sketch to your board and open up the Serial Monitor ( **Tools -\> Serial Monitor** ) at 115200 baud. You'll see the I2S peripheral initialized. In the loop, a sine tone will play through the 3.5 mm jack output.

![serial output for hardware mode](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/140/022/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-26_131507.png?1758906928 )

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Arduino - I2C Mode

Using the PCM5122 breakout in I2C Mode with Arduino involves wiring up the breakout to your Arduino-compatible microcontroller, installing the [Adafruit\_PCM51xx](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_PCM51xx) library, and running the provided example code.

If you want to get up and running quickly without I2C, you can use this DAC in hardware mode as shown on the [Arduino - Hardware Mode page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-pcm5122-i2s-dac/arduino-hw).

## Wiring

You can power the I2S DAC with 3.3 to 5VDC, however, the data lines are 3.3V logic only. You'll want to use a 3.3V logic level board. 

Here is an Adafruit Metro RP2040 wired up to the DAC for I2C control mode:

- **Board 3.3V** to **DAC VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **DAC GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **DAC SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **DAC SDA (blue wire)**
- **Board D9** to **DAC BCK (green wire)**
- **Board D10** to **DAC WSEL (white wire)**
- **Board D11** to **DAC DIN (orange wire)**
- **Board 3.3V** to **DAC MOD2 (pink wire)**

![metro fritzing diagram](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/965/medium640/adafruit_products_metro_bb_bb.png?1758808260)

## Library Installation

You can install the **Adafruit\_PCM51xx** library for Arduino using the Library Manager in the Arduino IDE.

![arduino library menu](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/881/medium800/adafruit_products_Arduino_Open_Library_Manager.png?1758658386 )

Click the **Manage Libraries ...** menu item, search for **Adafruit\_PCM51xx** , and select the **Adafruit PCM51xx** library:

![pcm51xx library install](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/882/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-23_135459.png?1758658430 )

If asked about dependencies, click "Install all".

![library dependencies for the pcm51xx library](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/883/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-23_135507.png?1758658460 )

If the "Dependencies" window does not come up, then you already have the dependencies installed.

Warning: If the dependencies are already installed, you must make sure you update them through the Arduino Library Manager before loading the example!

## Example Code
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/blob/main/PCM5122_Examples/Arduino_PCM5122/Arduino_PCM5122.ino

Upload the sketch to your board and open up the Serial Monitor ( **Tools -\> Serial Monitor** ) at 115200 baud. You'll see the PCM5122 recognized over I2C. Then, you'll see the setup parameters print out to the Serial Monitor. In the loop, a sine tone will play through the 3.5 mm jack output.

![example serial output](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/888/medium800/adafruit_products_Screenshot_2025-09-23_161007.png?1758659984 )

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Arduino Docs

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Raspberry Pi

You can use a device tree overlay (`dtoverlay`) in Raspberry Pi OS to use the PCM5122 as the audio output device for your Raspberry Pi. The device tree overlay being used is the [`iqaudio-dac` overlay](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/blob/rpi-4.9.y/arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/iqaudio-dac-overlay.dts), which uses the same PCM5122 DAC on the default I2C address of **0x4C**.

## Wiring

Here's the Raspberry Pi wired up to the DAC:

- **Pi 3V** to **DAC VIN (red wire)**
- **Pi GND** to **DAC GND (black wire)**
- **Pi SDA** to **DAC SDA (blue wire)**
- **Pi SCL** to **DAC SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Pi GPIO19** to **DAC WSEL (white wire)**
- **Pi GPIO21** to **DAC DIN (orange wire)**
- **Pi GPIO18** to **DAC BCK (green wire)**
- **Pi 3V** to **DAC MOD2 (pink wire)**

![raspberry pi fritzing diagram](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/998/medium640/adafruit_products_pi_bb_bb.jpg?1758824774)

## Prerequisite Pi Setup!

In this page, it's assumed that you have already gotten your Raspberry Pi up and running and can log into the command line.

Here's the quick-start for people with some experience:

1. Download the [latest Raspberry Pi OS or Raspberry Pi OS Lite](https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems/) to your computer
2. [Burn the OS image to your MicroSD card](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-raspberry-pi-lesson-1-preparing-and-sd-card-for-your-raspberry-pi) using your computer
3. [Re-plug the SD card into your computer (don't use your Pi yet!) and set up your wifi connection by editing supplicant.conf](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-zero-creation/text-file-editing)
4. [Activate SSH support](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-zero-creation/text-file-editing)
5. Plug the SD card into the Pi
6. If you have an HDMI monitor we recommend connecting it so you can see that the Pi is booting OK
7. Plug in power to the Pi - you will see the green LED flicker a little. The Pi will reboot while it sets up so wait a good 10 minutes
8. [If you are running Windows on your computer, install Bonjour support so you can use  **.local**  names, you'll need to reboot Windows after installation](https://learn.adafruit.com/bonjour-zeroconf-networking-for-windows-and-linux#microsoft-windows)
9. [You can then  **ssh**  into  **raspberrypi.local**](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-6-using-ssh)

[The Pi Foundation has tons of guides as well](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-getting-started).

## Update the Raspberry Pi

After loading your fresh install, run the standard updates:

```terminal
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo reboot
```

## Add Device Tree Overlay

Edit your Pi configuration file with:

```terminal
sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt
```

At the top of the file, uncomment these lines to enable I2C and I2S:

```terminal
dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=i2s=on
```

Then, at the bottom of the file, add this line:

```terminal
dtoverlay=iqaudio-dac
```

To save the config, press **Ctrl+X** and then **Y** to save your changes. Then press **Enter** to exit the file.

Reboot the Pi with:

```terminal
sudo reboot
```

## Testing the DAC

After rebooting, you can test the audio output in the terminal with:

```terminal
speaker-test -c2
```

You should hear white noise coming from the output. If you do, then all of that setup worked and you can start to use the DAC as the audio output for your Raspberry Pi.

# Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC

## Downloads

## Files

- [PCM5122 Datasheet](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/692/original/pcm5122.pdf?1758045292)
- [EagleCAD PCB Files on GitHub](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-PCM5122-I2S-DAC-PCB)
- [3D models on GitHub](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CAD_Parts/tree/main/6421%20PCM5122%20I2S%20DAC)
- [Fritzing object in the Adafruit Fritzing Library](https://github.com/adafruit/Fritzing-Library/blob/master/parts/Adafruit%20PCM5122%20I2S%20DAC%20with%20Line%20Level%20Output.fzpz)

## Schematic and Fab Print
![schematic for the board](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/693/medium800/adafruit_products_schem.png?1758045337 )

![fab print for the board pcb](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/694/medium800/adafruit_products_fab.png?1758045357 dimensions are in inches)

![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/139/748/medium800/adafruit_products_6421_PCM5122_I2S_DAC.jpg?1758138865 )


## Primary Products

### Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC with Line Level Output - HW, I2C or SPI

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For converting digital I2S audio from your ESP32/RP2350 or Raspberry Pi, you'll need a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The **Adafruit PCM5122 I2S DAC** is both powerful and easy to use - with excellent audio quality! It's got clean, high-quality, stereo audio and does...

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