It's easy to use the MPR121 sensor with Python or CircuitPython and the Adafruit CircuitPython MPR121 module. This module allows you to easily write Python code that reads capacitive touch from the sensor.
You can use this sensor with any CircuitPython microcontroller board or with a computer that has GPIO and Python thanks to Adafruit_Blinka, our CircuitPython-for-Python compatibility library.
CircuitPython Microcontroller Wiring
First wire up a MPR121 to your board exactly as shown on the previous pages for Arduino. Here's an example of wiring a Feather M0 to the sensor with I2C:
Here's an example of the MPR121 shield connected to a Metro M0:
Python Computer Wiring
Since there's dozens of Linux computers/boards you can use, we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other platforms, please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported.
Here's the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C:
You can also use the MPR121 Pi HAT with a Raspberry Pi:
- Simply solder the header provided with the HAT onto the HAT, and attach the HAT to the Pi.
CircuitPython Installation of MPR121 Library
You'll need to install the Adafruit CircuitPython MPR121 library on your CircuitPython board.
First make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython for your board.
Next you'll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware. Carefully follow the steps to find and install these libraries from Adafruit's CircuitPython library bundle. Our CircuitPython starter guide has a great page on how to install the library bundle.
For non-Express boards like the Trinket M0 or Gemma M0, you'll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:
- adafruit_mpr121.mpy
- adafruit_bus_device
Before continuing, make sure your board's lib folder has the adafruit_mpr121.mpy and adafruit_bus_device files and folders copied over.
Next connect to the board's serial REPL so you are at the CircuitPython >>> prompt.
Python Installation of MPR121 Library
You'll need to install the Adafruit_Blinka library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. This may also require enabling I2C on your platform and verifying you are running Python 3. Since each platform is a little different, and Linux changes often, please visit the CircuitPython on Linux guide to get your computer ready!
Once that's done, from your command line run the following command:
sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-mpr121
If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run 'pip' instead. Just make sure you aren't trying to use CircuitPython on Python 2.x, it isn't supported!
CircuitPython & Python Usage
To demonstrate the usage of the sensor, we'll initialize it and read capacitive touch from the board's Python REPL.
If you're using an I2C connection, run the following code to import the necessary modules and initialize the I2C connection with the sensor:
import time import board import busio import adafruit_mpr121 i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA) mpr121 = adafruit_mpr121.MPR121(i2c)
Now you're ready to read capacitive touch from the sensor. Use the following syntax to check a specific pin.
-
mpr121[i].value - Return
Trueif the specified pin is being touched, otherwise returnsFalse.
Use a value 0 to 11 for [i] and it will return a boolean True or False value depending on if the input is currently being touched or not.
For example, to print when pin 0 is touched, run the following code, and then touch pin 0:
while True:
if mpr121[0].value:
print("Pin 0 touched!")
If you don't see any messages when you touch the inputs, you might need to ground yourself to the board by touching the GND pin on the board with one finger and then touching the input pads with another finger.
Also make sure nothing is touching the pins when you first run the code, or else it might confuse the MPR121's touch detection (unmount the board's file system from your operating system, then press the board's reset button to reset the script and run it again with nothing touching the pins). The pins are calibrated on start-up, and will not react properly if you're touching the pins when the board starts up.
To print when any pin is touched, run the following code and then touch any capacitive touch pin:
while True:
for i in range(12):
if mpr121[i].value:
print('Input {} touched!'.format(i))
The example doesn't show its usage, but if you want to check all of the inputs at once you can use touched_pins. This function returns a 12 member tuple of the current state for each of the 12 pins. True is touched and False is not touched. For example, to test if pin 0 and 11 are being touched with one call you could run code like:
# Use touched_pins to get current state of all pins.
touched = mpr121.touched_pins
# Test if 0 and 11 are touched.
if touched[0] and touched[11]:
print('Input 0 and 11 touched!')
That's all there is to using the MPR121 module with CircuitPython!
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Tony DiCola for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# Simple test of the MPR121 capacitive touch sensor library.
# Will print out a message when any of the 12 capacitive touch inputs of the
# board are touched. Open the serial REPL after running to see the output.
# Author: Tony DiCola
import time
import board
import busio
# Import MPR121 module.
import adafruit_mpr121
# Create I2C bus.
i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
# Create MPR121 object.
mpr121 = adafruit_mpr121.MPR121(i2c)
# Note you can optionally change the address of the device:
# mpr121 = adafruit_mpr121.MPR121(i2c, address=0x91)
# Loop forever testing each input and printing when they're touched.
while True:
# Loop through all 12 inputs (0-11).
for i in range(12):
# Call is_touched and pass it then number of the input. If it's touched
# it will return True, otherwise it will return False.
if mpr121[i].value:
print("Input {} touched!".format(i))
time.sleep(0.25) # Small delay to keep from spamming output messages.
