# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## Overview
The INA228 is an amazing power monitoring chip, with best-of-everything support: up to 85VDC common-mode, high or low side measurements, 20-bit (!) ADC for precision measurements from milliamp to Amp, and an I2C interface for easy configuration of alerts, oversampling, gain adjustments and more!
This breakout board may well be the last current sensing solution you ever need to buy. Not only can it do the work of two multimeters, but it can do it with amazing precision and flexibility. With it you can measure high or low side DC current, the bus voltage, and have it automatically calculate the power. It can do so over impressive voltage, current, and temperature ranges with better than 1% accuracy, all while delivering the data in an easy to use format over I2C.
Works great with any microcontroller that is CircuitPython or Arduino compatible, as well as single board computers such as the Raspberry Pi. It is compatible with 3V or 5V logic and can measure bus voltages up to +85VDC. **Note that it is not for use with AC voltages**.
Most current-measuring devices operate with some notable constraints that limit what they can be used for. Many are low-side only which can cause issues as the ground reference changes with current. Others like its little sister the INA219B avoid this by measuring on the high side but need to change their shunt resistor to measure different current ranges. The INA228 avoids these limitations, and with the precision 15 milliohm shunt resistor on board, it can be used to measure as much as **+85V** at up to **10A** (~10uA per LSB) or **2.75A** (~2.5uA per LSB) **Continuous** on either the _high or low side_. Wow!
The voltage across the integrated _15 milliohm (.015 ohms!)_, 0.1% shunt resistor is measured by the internal 20 bit ADC, allowing for measurements over the impressive current range with a resolution of 10uA per LSB in high current measurement mode or 2.5uA per LSB in low current measurement mode.
To measure low-side, connect **VIN-** to ground and **VIN+** to your load's lowest potential. **VBUS** should connect to the highest project voltage, up to 85V. To measure high-side, connect **VIN+** to **VBUS** to the highest project voltage, and **VIN-** to the load's highest potential. In high-side measurement, which is most common, you can simplify connecting **V+** to **VBUS** by soldering closed the back jumper.
This comes as a fully assembled breakout board with a 3.5mm terminal block and header. Some light soldering is required to attach the header for use in a breadboard.
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## Pinouts
The default I2C address is **0x40**.
## Power Pins
- **VIN** - this is the power pin. It can be powered by 3V or 5V. Give it the same power as the logic level of your microcontroller - e.g. for a 5V micro like Arduino, use 5V.
- **GND** - common ground for power and logic.
## I2C Logic Pins
- **SCL** - I2C clock pin, connect to your microcontroller's I2C clock line. This pin can use 3-5V logic, and there's a **10K pullup** on this pin.
- **SDA** - I2C data pin, connect to your microcontroller's I2C data line. This pin can use 3-5V logic, and there's a **10K pullup** on this pin.
- **[STEMMA QT](https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-adafruit-stemma-qt) -** These connectors allow you to connect to development boards with **STEMMA QT** (Qwiic) connectors or to other things with [various associated accessories](https://www.adafruit.com/?q=JST%20SH%204).
## Input Pins
The pins are in a low side measurement configuration by default. They are available along the bottom edge of the board and the terminal block on the top edge of the board.
- **VIN+** - Positive input pin.
- **VIN-** - Negative input pin.
- **VBUS** - Bus voltage input pin.
To measure low-side, Connect **VIN-** to ground and **VIN+** to your load's lowest potential. **VBUS** should connect to the highest project voltage, up to 85V.
To measure high-side, connect **VIN+** to **VBUS** to the highest project voltage, and **VIN-** to the load's highest potential.
## VBUS Jumper
On the back of the board, above the **VIN+** and **VBUS** pins, is the **VBUS jumper**. This jumper connects or disconnects **VBUS** from **VIN+**. When the jumper is open (default), it configures the board for low side measurement. When the jumper is soldered closed, it configures the board for high side measurement.
## Interrupt Pin
- **ALRT** - The alert/interrupt pin. The default state is active low.
## Power LED
- **Power LED -** In the upper left corner, above the STEMMA connector, on the front of the board, is the power LED, labeled **on**. It is the green LED.
## Address Jumpers
On the back of the board are **two address jumpers** , labeled **A0** and **A1** , above the **Addr** label on the board silk. These jumpers allow you to chain up to 4 of these boards on the same pair of I2C clock and data pins. To do so, you solder the jumpers "closed" by connecting the two pads.
The default I2C address is **0x40**. The table below lists the jumper combinations and the associated I2C addresses.
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## CircuitPython and Python
It's easy to use the **INA228** with Python or CircuitPython, and the [Adafruit\_CircuitPython\_INA228](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_INA228) module. This module allows you to easily write Python code to monitor high or low side power measurements.
You can use this driver with any CircuitPython microcontroller board or with a computer that has GPIO and Python [thanks to Adafruit\_Blinka, our CircuitPython-for-Python compatibility library](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux).
## CircuitPython Microcontroller Wiring
First wire up the monitor to your board exactly as follows. The following is the monitor wired to a Feather RP2040 using the STEMMA connector for low side monitoring:
- **Board STEMMA 3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board STEMMA GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board STEMMA SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board STEMMA SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **GND (black wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **highest potential voltage (red wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **load's lowest potential (yellow wire)**
Here is the monitor wired to a Feather RP2040 using the STEMMA connector for high side monitoring:
- **Board STEMMA 3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board STEMMA GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board STEMMA SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board STEMMA SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **load's highest potential (yellow wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **breakout Vin+ (red wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
The following is the monitor wired to a Feather RP2040 using a solderless breadboard for low side monitoring:
- **Board 3.3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout VIN-** to **GND (black wire)**
- **Breakout VBUS** to **highest potential voltage (red wire)**
- **Breakout VIN+** to **load's lowest potential (yellow wire)**
Here is the monitor wired to a Feather RP2040 using a solderless breadboard for high side monitoring:
- **Board 3.3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout VIN-** to **load's highest potential (yellow wire)**
- **Breakout VBUS** to **breakout VIN+ (red wire)**
- **Breakout VIN+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
Info: For high side monitoring, you can solder the VBus jumper closed on the back of the breakout to simplify your wiring.
## Python Computer Wiring
Since there are _dozens_ of Linux computers/boards you can use, we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other platforms, [please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux).
Here's the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C using the STEMMA connector for low side monitoring:
- **Pi 3.3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Pi GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Pi SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Pi SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout VIN-** to **GND (black wire)**
- **Breakout VBUS** to **highest potential voltage (red wire)**
- **Breakout VIN+** to **load's lowest potential (yellow wire)**
Here's the wiring using the STEMMA connector for high side monitoring:
- **Pi 3.3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Pi GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Pi SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Pi SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **load's highest potential (yellow wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **breakout Vin+ (red wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
Here's the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C using a solderless breadboard for low side monitoring:
- **Pi 3.3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Pi GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Pi SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Pi SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout VIN-** to **GND (black wire)**
- **Breakout VBUS** to **highest potential voltage (red wire)**
- **Breakout VIN+** to **load's lowest potential (yellow wire)**
Here's the wiring using a solderless breadboard for high side monitoring:
- **Pi 3.3V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Pi GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Pi SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Pi SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **load's highest potential (yellow wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **breakout Vin+ (red wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
Info: For high side monitoring, you can solder the VBus jumper closed on the back of the breakout to simplify your wiring.
## Python Installation of INA228 Library
You'll need to install the **Adafruit\_Blinka** library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. This may also require enabling I2C on your platform and verifying you are running Python 3. [Since each platform is a little different, and Linux changes often, please visit the CircuitPython on Linux guide to get your computer ready](https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux)!
Once that's done, from your command line run the following command:
- `pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-ina228`
If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run 'pip' instead. Just make sure you aren't trying to use CircuitPython on Python 2.x, it isn't supported!
## CircuitPython Usage
To use with CircuitPython, you need to first install the **Adafruit\_CircuitPython\_INA228** library, and its dependencies, into the **lib** folder on your **CIRCUITPY** drive. Then you need to update **code.py** with the example script.
Thankfully, we can do this in one go. In the example below, click the **Download Project Bundle** button below to download the necessary libraries and the **code.py** file in a zip file. Extract the contents of the zip file, and copy the **entire** **lib** **folder** and the **code.py** file to your **CIRCUITPY** drive.
Your **CIRCUITPY/lib** folder should contain the following folders and file:
- **adafruit\_bus\_device/**
- **adafruit\_register/**
- **adafruit\_ina228.mpy**
## Python Usage
Once you have the library `pip3` installed on your computer, copy or download the following example to your computer, and run the following, replacing **code.py** with whatever you named the file:
`python3 code.py`
## Example Code
**If running CircuitPython:** Once everything is saved to the **CIRCUITPY** drive, [connect to the serial console](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/kattni-connecting-to-the-serial-console) to see the data printed out!
**If running Python:** The console output will appear wherever you are running Python.
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_INA228/blob/main/examples/ina228_simpletest.py
First, the sensor is instantiated over I2C. Then, in the loop, the measurements for current, bus voltage, shunt voltage, power, energy and temperature are printed to the serial console.
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## Python Docs
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## Arduino
Using the INA228 breakout with Arduino involves wiring up the breakout to your Arduino-compatible microcontroller, installing the [Adafruit\_INA228](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_INA228) library, and running the provided example code.
## Wiring
Wire as shown for a **5V** board like an Uno. If you are using a **3V** board, like an Adafruit Feather, wire the board's 3V pin to the sensor VIN.
Here is an Adafruit Metro wired up to the breakout using the STEMMA QT connector for low side monitoring:
- **Board 5V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **GND (black wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **highest potential voltage (red wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **load's lowest potential (yellow wire)**
Here is an Adafruit Metro wired up to the breakout using the STEMMA QT connector for high side monitoring:
- **Board 5V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **load's highest potential (yellow wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **breakout Vin+ (red wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
Here is an Adafruit Metro wired up using a solderless breadboard for low side monitoring:
- **Board 5V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout VIN-** to **GND (black wire)**
- **Breakout VBUS** to **highest potential voltage (red wire)**
- **Breakout VIN+** to **load's lowest potential (yellow wire)**
Here is an Adafruit Metro wired up using a solderless breadboard for high side monitoring:
- **Board 5V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout VIN-** to **load's highest potential (yellow wire)**
- **Breakout VBUS** to **breakout VIN+ (red wire)**
- **Breakout VIN+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
Info: For high side monitoring, you can solder the VBus jumper closed on the back of the breakout to simplify your wiring.
## Library Installation
You can install the **Adafruit\_INA228** library for Arduino using the Library Manager in the Arduino IDE.
Click the **Manage Libraries ...** menu item, search for **Adafruit\_INA228** , and select the **Adafruit INA228** library:
If asked about dependencies, click "Install all".
If the "Dependencies" window does not come up, then you already have the dependencies installed.
Warning: If the dependencies are already installed, you must make sure you update them through the Arduino Library Manager before loading the example!
## Example Code
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_INA228/blob/main/examples/ina228_test/ina228_test.ino
Upload the sketch to your board and open up the Serial Monitor ( **Tools -\> Serial Monitor** ) at 115200 baud. You'll see the INA228 recognized over I2C. Then, your connected project's current, bus voltage, shunt voltage, power and energy measurements are printed out every second, along with the INA228's temperature reading in Celsius.
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## Arduino Docs
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## WipperSnapper
## What is WipperSnapper
WipperSnapper is a firmware designed to turn any WiFi-capable board into an Internet-of-Things device without programming a single line of code. WipperSnapper connects to [Adafruit IO](https://io.adafruit.com/), a web platform designed ([by Adafruit!](https://www.adafruit.com/about)) to _display_, _respond_, and _interact_ with your project's data.
Simply load the WipperSnapper firmware onto your board, add credentials, and plug it into power. Your board will automatically register itself with your Adafruit IO account.
From there, you can add _components_ to your board such as buttons, switches, potentiometers, sensors, and more! Components are _dynamically _added to hardware, so you can immediately start interacting, logging, and streaming the data your projects produce without writing code.
If you've never used WipperSnapper, click below to read through the quick start guide before continuing.
[Quickstart: Adafruit IO WipperSnapper](https://learn.adafruit.com/quickstart-adafruit-io-wippersnapper)
## Wiring
First, wire up an INA228 to your board exactly as follows. You can use a Stemma QT cable to make wiring the boards together easier if you prefer, but here is an example of the INA228 wired to an [Adafruit ESP32 Feather V2](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5400) using I2C via [Dupont Jumper Wires](https://www.adafruit.com/search?q=jumper+wires) mounted in one of our [prototyping breadboards](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4539):
- **Board 5V** to **breakout **** VIN (red wire)**
- **Board GND** to **breakout** **GND (black wire)**
- **Board SCL** to **breakout** **SCL (yellow wire)**
- **Board SDA** to **breakout** **SDA (blue wire)**
- **Breakout Vin-** to **load's highest potential (red/white banded wire)**
- **Breakout VBus** to **breakout Vin+ (pink wire)**
- **Breakout Vin+** to **highest project voltage (red wire)**
- **Load GND/lowest potential ** to **Shared board GND**
If you wish to measure the low-side of your load/circuit, instead of the high-side, then follow the low-side wiring instructions on this guides [Arduino](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-ina228-i2c-power-monitor/arduino) page.
## Usage
Connect your board to Adafruit IO Wippersnapper and **[navigate to the WipperSnapper board list](https://io.adafruit.com/wippersnapper).**
On this page, **select the WipperSnapper board you're using** to be brought to the board's interface page.
If you do not see your board listed here - you need [to connect your board to Adafruit IO](https://learn.adafruit.com/quickstart-adafruit-io-wippersnapper) first.
On the device page, quickly **check that you're running the latest version of the WipperSnapper firmware** and that your device is Online.
The device tile on the left indicates the version number of the firmware running on the connected board.
- **If the firmware version is green with a checkmark -** continue with this guide.
- **If the firmware version is red with an exclamation mark "!" -** [update to the latest WipperSnapper firmware](https://learn.adafruit.com/quickstart-adafruit-io-wippersnapper) on your board before continuing.
Next, make sure the sensor is plugged into your board and click the ** I2C Scan ** button.
You should see the INA228's default I2C address of `0x40` pop-up in the I2C scan list.
### I don't see the sensor's I2C address listed!
First, double-check the connection and/or wiring between the sensor and the board.
Then, reset the board and let it re-connect to Adafruit IO WipperSnapper.
With the sensor detected in an I2C scan, you're ready to add the sensor to your board.
**Click the New Component button or the + button** to bring up the component picker.
Adafruit IO supports a large amount of components. To quickly find your sensor, type `INA228` into the search bar, then select the **INA228** component
On the component configuration page, the INA228's sensor address should be listed along with the sensor's settings.
The **Send Every** option is specific to each sensor's measurements. This option will tell the Feather how often it should read from the INA228 sensor and send the data to Adafruit IO. Measurements can range from every 30 seconds to every 24 hours.
For this example, set the **Send Every ** interval to every 30 seconds.
Your device interface should now show the sensor components you created. After the interval you configured elapses, WipperSnapper will automatically read values from the sensor(s) and send them to Adafruit IO.
To view the data that has been logged from the sensor, click on the graph next to the sensor name.
Here you can see the feed history and edit things about the feed such as the name, privacy, webhooks associated with the feed and more. If you want to learn more about how feeds work, [check out this page](https://learn.adafruit.com/all-the-internet-of-things-episode-four-adafruit-io/advanced-feeds).
# Adafruit INA228 I2C Power Monitor
## Downloads
## Files
- [INA228 Datasheet](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/125/556/original/ina228.pdf?1698092011)
- [EagleCAD PCB Files on GitHub](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-INA228-PCB)
- [Fritzing object in the Adafruit Fritzing Library](https://github.com/adafruit/Fritzing-Library/blob/master/parts/Adafruit%20INA228%20I2C%20Power%20Monitor.fzpz)
## Schematic and Fab Print
## Primary Products
### Adafruit INA228 - I2C 85V, 20-bit High or Low Side Power Monitor
[Adafruit INA228 - I2C 85V, 20-bit High or Low Side Power Monitor](https://www.adafruit.com/product/5832)
The INA228 is an amazing power monitoring chip, with best-of-everything support: up to 85VDC common-mode, high or low side measurements, 20-bit (!) ADC for precision measurements from milliamp to Amp, and I2C interface for easy configuration of alerts, oversampling, gain adjustments and...
In Stock
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[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/5832/guides)
## Featured Products
### STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable - 100mm Long
[STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable - 100mm Long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4210)
This 4-wire cable is a little over 100mm / 4" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST-PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but still have a nice latching feel, while being easy to insert and remove.
Out of Stock
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[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4210/guides)
### STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-Pin Cable - 50mm Long
[STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-Pin Cable - 50mm Long](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4399)
This 4-wire cable is 50mm / 1.9" long and fitted with JST SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but still have a nice latching feel, while being easy to insert and remove.
Out of Stock
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[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4399/guides)
### STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable with Premium Female Sockets
[STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable with Premium Female Sockets](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4397)
This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on one end and premium female headers on the other. Compared with the chunkier JST-PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but still have a nice latching feel, while being easy to insert and...
In Stock
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[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4397/guides)
### STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin to Premium Male Headers Cable
[STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin to Premium Male Headers Cable](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4209)
This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on one end and premium Dupont male headers on the other. Compared with the chunkier JST-PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but still have a nice latching feel, while being easy to insert...
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[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/4209/guides)
### JST SH 4-pin Cable with Alligator Clips - STEMMA QT / Qwiic
[JST SH 4-pin Cable with Alligator Clips - STEMMA QT / Qwiic](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4398)
This cable will make it super easy to use our plug-and-play STEMMA QT boards with boards like Circuit Playground. On one end you get a Qwiic / STEMMA QT connector (technically known as a JST SH 4-pin plug) into 4 individual wires with grippy alligator clips. We're carrying these to...
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