Overview
If you'd like a compact color display, with buttons and a joystick - we've got what you're looking for. The Adafruit 1.3" Color TFT Bonnet for Raspberry Pi is the big sister to our mini PiTFT add-ons. This bonnet has 240x240 color pixels in an IPS TFT display, controlled over SPI. This display is super small, only about 1.3" diagonal, but since it is an IPS display, it's very readable with high contrast and visibility.
With the TFT display in the center, we had some space on either side so we added a 5-way joystick and two pushbuttons. Great for when you want to have a control interface for your project. On the bottom we have a Qwiic/STEMMA QT connector for I2C sensors and device so you can plug and play any of our STEMMA QT devices.
Using the display is very easy,. We have a kernel driver and Python library for the ST7789 chipset. You can set it up as a console output so you can have text and user interface through the Raspberry Pi OS or you draw images, text, whatever you like, using the Python imaging library. We also have Python code you can use to read the joystick and buttons. Our tests showed around 15 FPS update rates so you can do animations or simple video.
Comes completely pre-assembled and tested - you don't need to do anything but plug it in and install our Python code! Works with any Raspberry Pi computer, including the original Pi 1, B+, Pi 2, Pi 3, Pi 4, and Pi Zero.
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Pinouts
The 1.3" Color TFT Bonnet uses the standard 2x20 Raspberry Pi connector.
- 5.0V - Connected to the display backlight
- 3.3V - Connected to the display power and also the STEMMA QT / Qwiic connector
- GND - Ground for everything
- SDA & SCL - I2C data for the STEMMA QT / Qwiic connector. Not used by buttons or display
- GPIO26 - Used to turn the backlight on and off.
- GPIO5 & GPIO6 - Connected to the two front buttons. These pins have 10K pullups to 3.3V so when the button is pressed, you will read a LOW voltage on these pins
- GPIO17, GPIO22, GPIO27, GPIO23 - The four directions on the joystick.
- GPIO4 - Joystick center button.
- SCK, MOSI, CE0 & GPIO25 - These are the display control pins. Note that MISO is not connected even though it is a SPI pin because you cannot read back from the display.
Not used: GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO16, GPIO19, GPIO20, GPIO21, GPIO18, GPIO24, TXD, RXD, EEDATA, EECLK, MISO, SPI_CE1
Attaching
Since the PiTFT comes preassembled, all you need to do is place it onto the GPIO pins. Connect the display as shown below to your Raspberry Pi.
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Install Options
There are two ways you can use the 1.3" 240x240 display.
The hard way is to install a kernel module to add support for the TFT display from the operating system. This is cute because you can have any program print text or draw to the framebuffer (or, say, with pygame) and Linux will take care of displaying it for you.
The easy way is to use Python and the Pillow library to draw to the display from within Python. This is great for showing text, stats, images etc that you design yourself. If you want to do that, skip the Kernel Module Install and go to Python Setup.
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Kernel Module Install
Prepare the Pi!
Before you begin, its a good idea to get your Pi completely updated and upgraded. We assume you have burned an SD card and can log into the console to install stuff.
Run the following to update the operating system:
sudo apt update -y sudo apt upgrade -y
Run Python Installation Script
A Python script is used to install the kernel module support software. This will need a few additional Python packages. Also, if you are installing on the Bookworm version of Raspberry Pi OS or later, you will need to install your Python modules in a virtual environment. You can find more information in the Python Virtual Environment Usage on Raspberry Pi guide.
First, let's make sure the necessary operating system packages are installed by running:
sudo apt-get install -y git python3-venv python3-pip
Next create a virtual environment named env, located in the home directory, and activate it by running the following commands:
cd ~ python -m venv env --system-site-packages source env/bin/activate
Once the virtual environment is activated, install some other required Python modules (used by the install script) with the following:
pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-python-shell click
Now we can download and run the Python installation script. To do so, run the following commands:
git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Raspberry-Pi-Installer-Scripts.git cd Raspberry-Pi-Installer-Scripts sudo -E env PATH=$PATH python3 adafruit-pitft.py --display=st7789v_bonnet_240x240 --rotation=0 --install-type=console
When you get asked to reboot, reboot!
Zat's it! You will now have the miniPiTFT with a console display on it
Uninstall Kernel Module
The same Python script can be used to uninstall the kernel module. Run it with the following command options:
sudo -E env PATH=$PATH python3 adafruit-pitft.py --install-type=uninstall
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Python Setup
It's easy to use RGB TFT display breakouts with Python and the Adafruit CircuitPython RGB Display module. This module allows you to write Python code to control the display directly. There is a fair amount of initial setup required though, which this page covers.
Install System Packages
The RGB TFT Python support relies of several operating system packages. To make sure those are installed, run the following:
sudo apt install -y fonts-dejavu python3-pil python3-numpy
This will install:
- DejaVu font - May already be installed. This font is used by the code examples.
- PIL/Pillow - The Python Imaging Library. Provides the basic graphical support.
- NumPy - Fancy math stuff that helps the library run faster.
Blinka Setup
There's enough to this step that it is covered in a separate guide. So be sure to go through the Blinka Setup guide first:
The rest of these installation steps assume you have gone through the Blinka Setup guide and have the Blinka virtual environment activated.
Install Python RGB Display Library
OK, finally, install the actual Python RGB display library with the following:
pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-rgb-display
If using a Pi5, also run this command after the install is complete (this is a work around hack):
pip3 uninstall RPi.GPIO
Reconfigure Chip Select Pins
The TFT Bonnet uses the CE0 pin for SPI chip select. There's a good chance the default operating system install will have control of that pin. We want to control it ourselves, via the CircuitPython library. Therefore, we need to disable the operating system's usage of the CE0 pin. More info here:
To disable the CE0 pin, run the following commands:
pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-python-shell click wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adafruit/Raspberry-Pi-Installer-Scripts/main/raspi-spi-reassign.py sudo -E env PATH=$PATH python3 raspi-spi-reassign.py --ce0=disabled
This will require a reboot after the script runs. Don't forget to re-enable the Blinka virtual environment after rebooting.
This button test demo will test to make sure you have everything setup correctly. Save the file to your Raspberry Pi in your home directory as rgb_display_pillow_bonnet_buttons.py.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# Copyright (c) 2017 Adafruit Industries
# Author: James DeVito
# Ported to RGB Display by Melissa LeBlanc-Williams
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
# This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with
# Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does
# not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!
"""
This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with
Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does
not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!
"""
import random
import time
from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb
import board
from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from adafruit_rgb_display import st7789
# Create the display
cs_pin = DigitalInOut(board.CE0)
dc_pin = DigitalInOut(board.D25)
reset_pin = DigitalInOut(board.D24)
BAUDRATE = 24000000
spi = board.SPI()
disp = st7789.ST7789(
spi,
height=240,
y_offset=80,
rotation=180,
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE,
)
# Input pins:
button_A = DigitalInOut(board.D5)
button_A.direction = Direction.INPUT
button_B = DigitalInOut(board.D6)
button_B.direction = Direction.INPUT
button_L = DigitalInOut(board.D27)
button_L.direction = Direction.INPUT
button_R = DigitalInOut(board.D23)
button_R.direction = Direction.INPUT
button_U = DigitalInOut(board.D17)
button_U.direction = Direction.INPUT
button_D = DigitalInOut(board.D22)
button_D.direction = Direction.INPUT
button_C = DigitalInOut(board.D4)
button_C.direction = Direction.INPUT
# Turn on the Backlight
backlight = DigitalInOut(board.D26)
backlight.switch_to_output()
backlight.value = True
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for color.
width = disp.width
height = disp.height
image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Clear display.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(255, 0, 0))
disp.image(image)
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=0)
udlr_fill = "#00FF00"
udlr_outline = "#00FFFF"
button_fill = "#FF00FF"
button_outline = "#FFFFFF"
fnt = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf", 30)
while True:
up_fill = 0
if not button_U.value: # up pressed
up_fill = udlr_fill
draw.polygon([(40, 40), (60, 4), (80, 40)], outline=udlr_outline, fill=up_fill) # Up
down_fill = 0
if not button_D.value: # down pressed
down_fill = udlr_fill
draw.polygon([(60, 120), (80, 84), (40, 84)], outline=udlr_outline, fill=down_fill) # down
left_fill = 0
if not button_L.value: # left pressed
left_fill = udlr_fill
draw.polygon([(0, 60), (36, 42), (36, 81)], outline=udlr_outline, fill=left_fill) # left
right_fill = 0
if not button_R.value: # right pressed
right_fill = udlr_fill
draw.polygon([(120, 60), (84, 42), (84, 82)], outline=udlr_outline, fill=right_fill) # right
center_fill = 0
if not button_C.value: # center pressed
center_fill = button_fill
draw.rectangle((40, 44, 80, 80), outline=button_outline, fill=center_fill) # center
A_fill = 0
if not button_A.value: # left pressed
A_fill = button_fill
draw.ellipse((140, 80, 180, 120), outline=button_outline, fill=A_fill) # A button
B_fill = 0
if not button_B.value: # left pressed
B_fill = button_fill
draw.ellipse((190, 40, 230, 80), outline=button_outline, fill=B_fill) # B button
# make a random color and print text
rcolor = tuple(int(x * 255) for x in hsv_to_rgb(random.random(), 1, 1))
draw.text((20, 150), "Hello World", font=fnt, fill=rcolor)
rcolor = tuple(int(x * 255) for x in hsv_to_rgb(random.random(), 1, 1))
draw.text((20, 180), "Hello World", font=fnt, fill=rcolor)
rcolor = tuple(int(x * 255) for x in hsv_to_rgb(random.random(), 1, 1))
draw.text((20, 210), "Hello World", font=fnt, fill=rcolor)
# Display the Image
disp.image(image)
time.sleep(0.01)
Run it with this command:
python3 rgb_display_pillow_bonnet_buttons.py
Once it is running, push the buttons. The corresponding buttons should light up on the display.
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Python Stats Example
We can also display some stats about your Pi such as the IP address, resource usage, and even the CPU Temperature. Start by saving the code below as stats.py in your home directory on your Raspberry Pi.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import subprocess
import time
import board
import digitalio
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from adafruit_rgb_display import st7789
# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are FeatherWing defaults on M0/M4):
cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0)
dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25)
reset_pin = None
# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz):
BAUDRATE = 64000000
# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI:
spi = board.SPI()
# Create the ST7789 display:
disp = st7789.ST7789(
spi,
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE,
width=135,
height=240,
x_offset=53,
y_offset=40,
)
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color.
height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
width = disp.height
image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
rotation = 90
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0))
disp.image(image, rotation)
# Draw some shapes.
# First define some constants to allow easy resizing of shapes.
padding = -2
top = padding
bottom = height - padding
# Move left to right keeping track of the current x position for drawing shapes.
x = 0
# Alternatively load a TTF font. Make sure the .ttf font file is in the
# same directory as the python script!
# Some other nice fonts to try: http://www.dafont.com/bitmap.php
font = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf", 24)
# Turn on the backlight
backlight = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D22)
backlight.switch_to_output()
backlight.value = True
while True:
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=0)
# Shell scripts for system monitoring from here:
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119126/command-to-display-memory-usage-disk-usage-and-cpu-load
cmd = "hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1"
IP = "IP: " + subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf \"CPU Load: %.2f\", $(NF-2)}'"
CPU = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"Mem: %s/%s MB %.2f%%\", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'"
MemUsage = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = 'df -h | awk \'$NF=="/"{printf "Disk: %d/%d GB %s", $3,$2,$5}\''
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp | awk '{printf \"CPU Temp: %.1f C\", $(NF-0) / 1000}'"
Temp = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
# Write four lines of text.
y = top
draw.text((x, y), IP, font=font, fill="#FFFFFF")
y += font.getsize(IP)[1]
draw.text((x, y), CPU, font=font, fill="#FFFF00")
y += font.getsize(CPU)[1]
draw.text((x, y), MemUsage, font=font, fill="#00FF00")
y += font.getsize(MemUsage)[1]
draw.text((x, y), Disk, font=font, fill="#0000FF")
y += font.getsize(Disk)[1]
draw.text((x, y), Temp, font=font, fill="#FF00FF")
# Display image.
disp.image(image, rotation)
time.sleep(0.1)
Go ahead and run the script by typing:
python3 stats.py
It should display some system information.
Modifications for the 1.3" Display
To get the stats.py example to display properly on the 1.3" TFT Display, you will need to make some changes due to the different geometry of the display. The parameters you will need to adjust are the height, width, x_offset, y_offset, and rotation.
The new values should be:
height = 240width = 240x_offset = 0y_offset = 80rotation = 180
The easiest way to replace them may be to copy the following code block and replace it in the above code.
# Create the ST7789 display:
disp = st7789.ST7789(
spi,
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE,
width=240,
height=240,
x_offset=0,
y_offset=80,
)
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color.
height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
width = disp.height
image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
rotation = 180
Running Stats on Boot
You can pretty easily make it so this handy program runs every time you boot your Pi.
The fastest/easiest way is to put it in /etc/rc.local
Run sudo nano /etc/rc.local and add the line
sudo python3 /home/pi/stats.py &
on its own line right before exit 0
Then save and exit. Reboot to verify that the screen comes up on boot!
Troubleshooting Stats on Boot
For the normal installation of Blinka on Raspberry Pi, we have you install stuff without the sudo keyword, which will install the libraries locally. However, to have the script run at boot, you will need to have the libraries available on a more system wide level. You can test this out by running the following command and see if the the stats come up:
sudo python3 /home/pi/stats.py
If you have any errors, most can be fixed by running the following command:
sudo pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-blinka adafruit-circuitpython-rgb-display spidev
Once you can get it to come up, go ahead and press Control+C and reboot the system. It should come up now.
Sometimes the Pi can boot too fast, so you may also need to add sleep 10 on the line before the command you added in /etc/rc.local.
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Python Usage
Now that you have everything setup, we're going to look over three different examples. For the first, we'll take a look at automatically scaling and cropping an image and then centering it on the display.
Turning on the Backlight
On some displays, the backlight is controlled by a separate pin such as the 1.3" TFT Bonnet with Joystick. On such displays, running the below code will likely result in the display remaining black. To turn on the backlight, you will need to add a small snippet of code. If your backlight pin number differs, be sure to change it in the code:
# Turn on the Backlight backlight = DigitalInOut(board.D26) backlight.switch_to_output() backlight.value = True
Displaying an Image
Here's the full code to the example. We will go through it section by section to help you better understand what is going on. Let's start by downloading an image of Blinka. This image has enough border to allow resizing and cropping with a variety of display sizes and rations to still look good.
Make sure you save it as blinka.jpg and place it in the same folder as your script. Here's the code we'll be loading onto the Raspberry Pi. We'll go over the interesting parts.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Be sure to check the learn guides for more usage information.
This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with
Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does
not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!
Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
"""
import board
import digitalio
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
from adafruit_rgb_display import (
hx8357,
ili9341,
ssd1331,
ssd1351,
st7735,
st7789,
)
# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are PiTFT defaults):
cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0)
dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25)
reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)
# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz):
BAUDRATE = 24000000
# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI:
spi = board.SPI()
# Create the display:
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=172, height=320, x_offset=34, # 1.47" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=270, width=170, height=320, x_offset=35, # 1.9" ST7789
# disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev A ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, invert=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev B ST7735R
# x_offset=26, y_offset=1,
# disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351
# disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351
# disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331
disp = ili9341.ILI9341(
spi,
rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE,
)
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color.
if disp.rotation % 180 == 90:
height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
width = disp.height
else:
width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
height = disp.height
image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0))
disp.image(image)
image = Image.open("blinka.jpg")
# Scale the image to the smaller screen dimension
image_ratio = image.width / image.height
screen_ratio = width / height
if screen_ratio < image_ratio:
scaled_width = image.width * height // image.height
scaled_height = height
else:
scaled_width = width
scaled_height = image.height * width // image.width
image = image.resize((scaled_width, scaled_height), Image.BICUBIC)
# Crop and center the image
x = scaled_width // 2 - width // 2
y = scaled_height // 2 - height // 2
image = image.crop((x, y, x + width, y + height))
# Display image.
disp.image(image)
So we start with our usual imports including a couple of Pillow modules and the display drivers. That is followed by defining a few pins here. The reason we chose these is because they allow you to use the same code with the PiTFT if you chose to do so.
import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341 import adafruit_rgb_display.st7789 as st7789 import adafruit_rgb_display.hx8357 as hx8357 import adafruit_rgb_display.st7735 as st7735 import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1351 as ssd1351 import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1331 as ssd1331 # Configuration for CS and DC pins cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0) dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25) reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)
Next we'll set the baud rate from the default 24 MHz so that it works on a variety of displays. The exception to this is the SSD1351 driver, which will automatically limit it to 16MHz even if you pass 24MHz. We'll set up out SPI bus and then initialize the display.
We wanted to make these examples work on as many displays as possible with very few changes. The ILI9341 display is selected by default. For other displays, go ahead and comment out these lines:
disp = ili9341.ILI9341(
spi,
rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341
and uncomment the line appropriate for your display and possibly the line below in the case of longer initialization sequences. The displays have a rotation property so that it can be set in just one place.
#disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789
#disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789
#disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789
#disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357
#disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R
#disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R
#disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev A ST7735R
#disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, invert=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev B ST7735R
#x_offset=26, y_offset=1,#disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351
#disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351
#disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331
disp = ili9341.ILI9341(
spi,
rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE
)
Next we read the current rotation setting of the display and if it is 90 or 270 degrees, we need to swap the width and height for our calculations, otherwise we just grab the width and height. We will create an image with our dimensions and use that to create a draw object. The draw object will have all of our drawing functions.
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color.
if disp.rotation % 180 == 90:
height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
width = disp.height
else:
width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
height = disp.height
image = Image.new('RGB', (width, height))
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
Next we clear whatever is on the screen by drawing a black rectangle. This isn't strictly necessary since it will be overwritten by the image, but it kind of sets the stage.
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image. draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0)) disp.image(image)
Next we open the Blinka image, which we've named blinka.jpg, which assumes it is in the same directory that you are running the script from. Feel free to change it if it doesn't match your configuration.
image = Image.open("blinka.jpg")
Here's where it starts to get interesting. We want to scale the image so that it matches either the width or height of the display, depending on which is smaller, so that we have some of the image to chop off when we crop it. So we start by calculating the width to height ration of both the display and the image. If the height is the closer of the dimensions, we want to match the image height to the display height and let it be a bit wider than the display. Otherwise, we want to do the opposite.
Once we've figured out how we're going to scale it, we pass in the new dimensions and using a Bicubic rescaling method, we reassign the newly rescaled image back to image. Pillow has quite a few different methods to choose from, but Bicubic does a great job and is reasonably fast.
# Scale the image to the smaller screen dimension
image_ratio = image.width / image.height
screen_ratio = width / height
if screen_ratio < image_ratio:
scaled_width = image.width * height // image.height
scaled_height = height
else:
scaled_width = width
scaled_height = image.height * width // image.width
image = image.resize((scaled_width, scaled_height), Image.BICUBIC)
Next we want to figure the starting x and y points of the image where we want to begin cropping it so that it ends up centered. We do that by using a standard centering function, which is basically requesting the difference of the center of the display and the center of the image. Just like with scaling, we replace the image variable with the newly cropped image.
# Crop and center the image x = scaled_width // 2 - width // 2 y = scaled_height // 2 - height // 2 image = image.crop((x, y, x + width, y + height))
Finally, we take our image and display it. At this point, the image should have the exact same dimensions at the display and fill it completely.
disp.image(image)
Drawing Shapes and Text
In the next example, we'll take a look at drawing shapes and text. This is very similar to the displayio example, but it uses Pillow instead. Here's the code for that.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
This demo will draw a few rectangles onto the screen along with some text
on top of that.
This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with
Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does
not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!
Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
"""
import board
import digitalio
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from adafruit_rgb_display import (
hx8357,
ili9341,
ssd1331,
ssd1351,
st7735,
st7789,
)
# First define some constants to allow easy resizing of shapes.
BORDER = 20
FONTSIZE = 24
# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are PiTFT defaults):
cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0)
dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25)
reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)
# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz):
BAUDRATE = 24000000
# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI:
spi = board.SPI()
# Create the display:
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=172, height=320, x_offset=34, # 1.47" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=270, width=170, height=320, x_offset=35, # 1.9" ST7789
# disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev A ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, invert=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev B ST7735R
# x_offset=26, y_offset=1,
# disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351
# disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351
# disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331
disp = ili9341.ILI9341(
spi,
rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE,
)
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color.
if disp.rotation % 180 == 90:
height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
width = disp.height
else:
width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
height = disp.height
image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Draw a green filled box as the background
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), fill=(0, 255, 0))
disp.image(image)
# Draw a smaller inner purple rectangle
draw.rectangle((BORDER, BORDER, width - BORDER - 1, height - BORDER - 1), fill=(170, 0, 136))
# Load a TTF Font
font = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf", FONTSIZE)
# Draw Some Text
text = "Hello World!"
(font_width, font_height) = font.getsize(text)
draw.text(
(width // 2 - font_width // 2, height // 2 - font_height // 2),
text,
font=font,
fill=(255, 255, 0),
)
# Display image.
disp.image(image)
Just like in the last example, we'll do our imports, but this time we're including the ImageFont Pillow module because we'll be drawing some text this time.
import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341
Next we'll define some parameters that we can tweak for various displays. The BORDER will be the size in pixels of the green border between the edge of the display and the inner purple rectangle. The FONTSIZE will be the size of the font in points so that we can adjust it easily for different displays.
BORDER = 20 FONTSIZE = 24
Next, just like in the previous example, we will set up the display, setup the rotation, and create a draw object. If you have are using a different display than the ILI9341, go ahead and adjust your initializer as explained in the previous example. After that, we will setup the background with a green rectangle that takes up the full screen. To get green, we pass in a tuple that has our Red, Green, and Blue color values in it in that order which can be any integer from 0 to 255.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), fill=(0, 255, 0)) disp.image(image)
Next we will draw an inner purple rectangle. This is the same color value as our example in displayio quickstart, except the hexadecimal values have been converted to decimal. We use the BORDER parameter to calculate the size and position that we want to draw the rectangle.
draw.rectangle((BORDER, BORDER, width - BORDER - 1, height - BORDER - 1),
fill=(170, 0, 136))
Next we'll load a TTF font. The DejaVuSans.ttf font should come preloaded on your Pi in the location in the code. We also make use of the FONTSIZE parameter that we discussed earlier.
# Load a TTF Font
font = ImageFont.truetype('/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf', FONTSIZE)
Now we draw the text Hello World onto the center of the display. You may recognize the centering calculation was the same one we used to center crop the image in the previous example. In this example though, we get the font size values using the getsize() function of the font object.
# Draw Some Text
text = "Hello World!"
(font_width, font_height) = font.getsize(text)
draw.text((width//2 - font_width//2, height//2 - font_height//2),
text, font=font, fill=(255, 255, 0))
Finally, just like before, we display the image.
disp.image(image)
Displaying System Information
In this last example we'll take a look at getting the system information and displaying it. This can be very handy for system monitoring. Here's the code for that example:
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
This will show some Linux Statistics on the attached display. Be sure to adjust
to the display you have connected. Be sure to check the learn guides for more
usage information.
This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with
Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does
not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!
"""
import subprocess
import time
import board
import digitalio
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from adafruit_rgb_display import (
hx8357,
ili9341,
ssd1331,
ssd1351,
st7735,
st7789,
)
# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are PiTFT defaults):
cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0)
dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25)
reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)
# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz):
BAUDRATE = 24000000
# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI:
spi = board.SPI()
# Create the display:
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=172, height=320, x_offset=34, # 1.47" ST7789
# disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=270, width=170, height=320, x_offset=35, # 1.9" ST7789
# disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev A ST7735R
# disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, invert=True, width=80, # 0.96" MiniTFT Rev B ST7735R
# x_offset=26, y_offset=1,
# disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351
# disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351
# disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331
disp = ili9341.ILI9341(
spi,
rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341
cs=cs_pin,
dc=dc_pin,
rst=reset_pin,
baudrate=BAUDRATE,
)
# Create blank image for drawing.
# Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color.
if disp.rotation % 180 == 90:
height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
width = disp.height
else:
width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape!
height = disp.height
image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
# Get drawing object to draw on image.
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0))
disp.image(image)
# First define some constants to allow easy positioning of text.
padding = -2
x = 0
# Load a TTF font. Make sure the .ttf font file is in the
# same directory as the python script!
# Some other nice fonts to try: http://www.dafont.com/bitmap.php
font = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf", 24)
while True:
# Draw a black filled box to clear the image.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=0)
# Shell scripts for system monitoring from here:
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119126/command-to-display-memory-usage-disk-usage-and-cpu-load
cmd = "hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1"
IP = "IP: " + subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf \"CPU Load: %.2f\", $(NF-2)}'"
CPU = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"Mem: %s/%s MB %.2f%%\", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'"
MemUsage = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = 'df -h | awk \'$NF=="/"{printf "Disk: %d/%d GB %s", $3,$2,$5}\''
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp | awk '{printf \"CPU Temp: %.1f C\", $(NF-0) / 1000}'"
Temp = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
# Write four lines of text.
y = padding
draw.text((x, y), IP, font=font, fill="#FFFFFF")
y += font.getsize(IP)[1]
draw.text((x, y), CPU, font=font, fill="#FFFF00")
y += font.getsize(CPU)[1]
draw.text((x, y), MemUsage, font=font, fill="#00FF00")
y += font.getsize(MemUsage)[1]
draw.text((x, y), Disk, font=font, fill="#0000FF")
y += font.getsize(Disk)[1]
draw.text((x, y), Temp, font=font, fill="#FF00FF")
# Display image.
disp.image(image)
time.sleep(0.1)
Just like the last example, we'll start by importing everything we imported, but we're adding two more imports. The first one is time so that we can add a small delay and the other is subprocess so we can gather some system information.
import time import subprocess import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341
Next, just like in the first two examples, we will set up the display, setup the rotation, and create a draw object. If you have are using a different display than the ILI9341, go ahead and adjust your initializer as explained in the previous example.
Just like in the first example, we're going to draw a black rectangle to fill up the screen. After that, we're going to set up a couple of constants to help with positioning text. The first is the padding and that will be the Y-position of the top-most text and the other is x which is the X-Position and represents the left side of the text.
# First define some constants to allow easy positioning of text. padding = -2 x = 0
Next, we load a font just like in the second example.
font = ImageFont.truetype('/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf', 24)
Now we get to the main loop and by using while True:, it will loop until Control+C is pressed on the keyboard. The first item inside here, we clear the screen, but notice that instead of giving it a tuple like before, we can just pass 0 and it will draw black.
draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=0)
Next, we run a few scripts using the subprocess function that get called to the Operating System to get information. The in each command is passed through awk in order to be formatted better for the display. By having the OS do the work, we don't have to. These little scripts came from https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119126/command-to-display-memory-usage-disk-usage-and-cpu-load
cmd = "hostname -I | cut -d\' \' -f1"
IP = "IP: "+subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf \"CPU Load: %.2f\", $(NF-2)}'"
CPU = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"Mem: %s/%s MB %.2f%%\", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'"
MemUsage = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"Disk: %d/%d GB %s\", $3,$2,$5}'"
Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
cmd = "cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp | awk \'{printf \"CPU Temp: %.1f C\", $(NF-0) / 1000}\'" # pylint: disable=line-too-long
Temp = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")
Now we display the information for the user. Here we use yet another way to pass color information. We can pass it as a color string using the pound symbol, just like we would with HTML. With each line, we take the height of the line using getsize() and move the pointer down by that much.
y = padding draw.text((x, y), IP, font=font, fill="#FFFFFF") y += font.getsize(IP)[1] draw.text((x, y), CPU, font=font, fill="#FFFF00") y += font.getsize(CPU)[1] draw.text((x, y), MemUsage, font=font, fill="#00FF00") y += font.getsize(MemUsage)[1] draw.text((x, y), Disk, font=font, fill="#0000FF") y += font.getsize(Disk)[1] draw.text((x, y), Temp, font=font, fill="#FF00FF")
Finally, we write all the information out to the display using disp.image(). Since we are looping, we tell Python to sleep for 0.1 seconds so that the CPU never gets too busy.
disp.image(image) time.sleep(.1)
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